Schottky diode behaviour with excellent photoresponse in NiO/FTO heterostructure

Saha, Biswajit; Sarkar, Kamanashis; Bera, Arun; Deb, K. K.; Thapa, Ranjit

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.142

Cited by 71 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The Tauc plot for a 30 nm thick layer (see Figure b) confirms the direct band gap as the exponential factor k in ( αhν ) k is equal to k = 2. The corresponding band‐gap energy of the NiO x is around 3.7 eV, which is in good agreement with values from the literature . Thus, based on XRD and the band‐gap energy, the formation of a relatively pure nickel oxide matrix close to its stoichiometric composition can be concluded.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In particular, no pure crystalline nickel phases are apparent by XRD, which agrees well to the results of the XPS study. [63,64] Thus, based on XRD and the band-gap energy, the formation of a relatively pure nickel oxide matrix close to its stoichiometric composition can be concluded. In order to be able to detect weaker diffraction peaks, a comparatively thick layer with a thickness of 400 nm was used.…”

Section: Fundamental Characteristics Of Electron Beam Evaporated Nickmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Abzieher

Moghadamzadeh

Schackmar

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

137

149

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application-oriented research like process engineering and upscaling is observed. [1][2][3][4][5] Even though other optoelectronic devices like light emitting diodes and lasers are being researched, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] perovskite-based photovoltaics (PV) is the key technology driving the fast emergence of perovskitebased optoelectronics. Recently, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) close to 24% were demonstrated for perovskite PV, exceeding the PCEs of established thinfilm technologies. [14] Despite the rapid progress in terms of PCE, one key challenge of perovskite-based PV is still its low stability under realistic outdoor stress conditions-temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A significant advance toward more stable devices was demonstrated by engineering the composition of the large cation site of the perovskite crystal structure and by including low-dimensional perovskite interlayers and passivation layers. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Further advances in stability are based on the charge extracting materials and their interfaces with the perovskite absorber layers. [21][22][23] Most reported record PCEs are still based on highly expensive organic hole transport layer (HTL) materials like 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di (4methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA). [20,24,25] Although these materials result in good performance on short High-quality charge carrier transport materials are of key importance for stable and efficient perovskite-based photovoltaics. This work reports on electron-beam-evaporated nickel oxide (NiO x ) layers, resulting in stable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 18.5% when integrated into solar cells employing inkjet-printed perovskite absorbers. By adding oxygen as a process gas and optimizing the layer thickness, transparent and efficient NiOx hole transport layers (HTLs) are fabricated, exhibiting an average absorptance of only 1%. The versatility of the material is demonstrated for different absorber compositions and deposition techniques. As another highlight of this work, all-evaporated perovskite solar cells employing an inorganic NiO x HTL are presented, achieving stable PCEs of up to 15.4%. Along with good PCEs, devices with electron-beam-evaporated NiO x show improved stability under realistic operating conditions with negligible degradation after 40 h of maximum power point tracking at 75 °C. Additionally, a strong improvement in device stability under ultraviolet radiation is found if compared to conventional perovskite solar cell architectures employing other metal oxide charge transport layers (e.g., titanium dioxide). Finally, an all-evaporated perovskite solar mini-module with a NiO x HTL is presented, reaching a PCE of 12.4% on an active device area of 2.3 cm 2 .

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Fundamental Characteristics Of Electron Beam Evaporated Nickmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Abzieher

Moghadamzadeh

Schackmar

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

137

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The optical bandgap which is calculated with the help of Talc's plot by extrapolating the straight line part of the curves at =0, is shown in Figure (c). The direct bandgap for NiO nanofibers is found to be 3.3 eV, which is consistent with the previous reports …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Facile Synthesis of Electrospun Nickel (II) Oxide Nanofibers and Its Application for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing

et al. 2018

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The aim of the present study is to report an alternative technique of creating nickel oxide (NiO) nanofibers, manufactured by facile and economical electrospinning process. The crystallinity nature of NiO nanofibers is investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Nanofibers morphology is examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The diameter of the nanofibers is varying from of 100–150 nm. Furthermore, Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) pattern revealed that NiO nanofibers are exhibiting a single phase crystalline structure. The NiO nanofibers modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed an excellent performance towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This sensor showed a wide range of detection from 10 μM to 50 mM, low limit of detection 0.33 μM and high sensitivity 42.09 μA μM−1cm−2 for H2O2 detection. The entire analysis reaffirms the suitability of NiO nanofibers as one of the futuristic sensing material for H2O2 detection.

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“…The valence band maximum of NiO x lies around 5 eV vs. vacuum level. With a ≈ 3.5 eV large bandgap, NiO x can efficiently transports holes extracted from MAPbI 3 but blocks the backflow of electrons . Moreover, the carrier mobility of NiO x is relatively high at around ≈0.5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , which enables fast hole transport and slow recombination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultra‐low Concentration of Gold Nanoparticles Embedded in the NiO Hole Transport Layer Boosts the Performance of p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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NiOx is a promising hole transport material for p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) on account of its high mobility, excellent stability and prospect for large‐scale fabrication. However, the typical conductivity of NiOx is low because of the low carrier concentration, which consequently compromises its photovoltaic performance. Herein, we show that the carrier concentration of NiOx can be improved by as much as three times through embedding a small concentration (0.11 At%) of gold nanoparticles (Au‐NPs), 2–3 nm in diameter, into the NiOx thin film. The enhancement is due to the formation of Ohmic contact between Au and NiOx while avoiding direct contact between Au and perovskite. All key parameters of the PVSC, namely Jsc, Voc, and FF have improved, and the overall efficiency shows a significant improvement from 17.8% to 20.2%. The small size, low concentration, and Ohmic contact nature of the embedded Au‐NPs, together with this simple method point to a new promising direction for developing high performance PVSCs.

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Schottky diode behaviour with excellent photoresponse in NiO/FTO heterostructure

Cited by 71 publications

References 53 publications

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Facile Synthesis of Electrospun Nickel (II) Oxide Nanofibers and Its Application for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing

An Ultra‐low Concentration of Gold Nanoparticles Embedded in the NiO Hole Transport Layer Boosts the Performance of p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells

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