School Guidance and Counseling Program Outcomes and Measures for Their Assessment

Comprehensive School Counseling Programs: A Review for Policymakers and Practitioners

“…Educational and career counseling may include self-assessments and test interpretations. Results from a number of studies indicate that students who received counseling improved their academic performance (Gerler, Kinney, & Anderson, 1985;Wilson, 1985), attitudes Peck & Jackson, 1976), and behaviors (e.g., Cobb & Richards, 1983;Crabbs, 1984;Gerler, Kinney, & Anderson, 1985) (also see reviews by Herr, 1982;Robie, Gansneder, & Van Hoose, 1979;St. Clair, 1989;Wiggins, 1977).…”

“…Historically, program evaluation has consisted primarily of reports on kinds of services offered, percentage of counselors' time spent on each activity, and number of students served. Some recent writers, however, have suggested that evaluation plans should focus on program results rather than program services (e.g., Gysbers & Henderson, 1988;Johnson & Johnson, 1982;Robie et al, 1979). These writers emphasized student competencies as desired outcomes of school counseling programs.…”

Qualitative Evaluation Methods Applied to a High School Counseling Center

“…For example, Bardo and Cody (1975) proposed that "guidance evaluation, in part, be a study of student responses to items on a questionnaire" (p. 178). Using the conventions of criterion-referenced measurement, Robie, Gansneder, and Van Hoose (1979) developed a list of goals, objectives, and measurements, ostensibly as a step toward standardizing measures of guidance and counseling program outcomes.…”