The purpose of this article is to highlight biases, that is, learning styles and test bias, involved in testing low‐income Blacks with norm‐referenced, achievement tests and to offer suggestions to assist counselors in improving their students' test performance.
This study of 310 eighth graders attempted to assess whether adolescents of varying backgrounds differ in their levels of general and area-specific (school, peer, and home) achievement motivation. It also investigated whether adolescents are capable of maintaining differing levels of achievement motivation across their different areas of experience, and whether the capacity to do so varies with their race, socioeconomic status, and sex. The data were analyzed through a 2 × 2 × 2 analysis of variance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences on general measures of achievement motivation as well as on the area-specific measure. There were significant differences on a traditional general measure (EPPS) by race (white higher), sex (males higher), and social class (middle class higher). A new general measure reported significant differences by race (blacks higher) and sex (males higher). There were significant differences by race (blacks higher) and sex (males higher) in peer achievement motivation, but there were no significant class differences. The study suggests that race, sex, and class exercise a great influence on specific types of achievement behavior.
The Cincinnati Initiative for Teacher Education (CITE) and the development of the Cincinnati Professional Practice Schools formulated a partnership among the University of Cincinnati, the Cincinnati Public School District, and the Cincinnati Federation of Teachers. The success of this venture has been achieved through the recognition of the different institutional cultures. The political factors of faculty roles, accountability, and funding are discussed in the article while giving a brief historical background of the conception, planning, and execution of this successful collaboration.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.