1995
DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01840.x
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School Counseling: An Evolving Specialty

Abstract: This article provides a review of school counseling as a specialty area of the counseling profession, including attention to historical development, training standards and accreditation, certification, and future trends and issues.

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Cited by 69 publications
(51 citation statements)
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“…These counselors focused on classroom guidance activities or small group counseling, activities that consumed about a third of their time. This profile's characteristics reflect the spirit of the 1980s, when counseling's professional thrust shifted from individual guidance and counseling to primary prevention (American School Counselor Association, 1979;Borders & Drury, 1992;Klingman, 1984;Paisley & Borders, 1995;Raviv, Klingman, & Horowitz, 1980). According to this model, counseling is the mainstay of a prevention orientation that is implemented in a structured, pre-planned format and presented to all students in their classrooms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…These counselors focused on classroom guidance activities or small group counseling, activities that consumed about a third of their time. This profile's characteristics reflect the spirit of the 1980s, when counseling's professional thrust shifted from individual guidance and counseling to primary prevention (American School Counselor Association, 1979;Borders & Drury, 1992;Klingman, 1984;Paisley & Borders, 1995;Raviv, Klingman, & Horowitz, 1980). According to this model, counseling is the mainstay of a prevention orientation that is implemented in a structured, pre-planned format and presented to all students in their classrooms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…During World War I, vocational testing was used to sort out those who could serve as leaders vs. those better suited to less frontline positions (Brewer, 1918). Based on ideas espoused by noted humanists like Rogers (1995), a second wave of career and college counseling emerged in the 1940s, emphasizing the revelation of a given client's personal attributes while eschewing overreliance on psychometrics (Paisley & Borders, 1995). The founders and arbiters of school counseling in the United States, virtually all white men, moved increasingly toward 'talent identification' and natural skill refinement in the guidance process, and notably, 'to give boys and girls [emphasis added] a broad familiarity with industrial processes, which will open them to a wide range of useful employments' (Stephens, as cited in Gysbers, 2010, p. 19).…”
Section: Juncture 1: the Guidance Counseling Momentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…School counselors have historically responded to social, economic, educational and political reforms (Baker & Gerler, 2008;Herr, 2002;Paisley & Borders, 1995;Schimmel, 2008) and in recent years the profession has undergone significant transformations. The American School Counseling Association's (ASCA) National Standards (Campbell & Dahir, 1997) and National Model (ASCA, 2005), and the ASCA Ethical Code for School Counselors' two most recent revisions (ASCA, 2004(ASCA, , 2010) made significant strides in establishing clear expectations around school counseling standards (academic, career, and personal/social) and shifted the focus from school counseling duties to school counselor outcomes.…”
Section: Influential School Counseling Reform Movementsmentioning
confidence: 99%