Schizotypal traits and N400 in healthy subjects

Prévost, Marie; Rodier, Mitchell; Renoult, Louis; Kwann, Yvonne; Dionne-Dostie, Emmanuelle; Chapleau, Isabelle; Brodeur, Mathieu B.; Lionnet, Claire; Debruille, J. Bruno

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01016.x

Cited by 14 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…() proposed that mistrust may be associated with this decreased activation of congruent associations. A number of ERP studies have reported larger N400 amplitudes in response to congruent prime–target pairings, and researchers from these studies have attributed this decrease in activation for congruent trials as being due to participants’ mistrust (e.g., Kiang & Kutas, ; Prévost et al., ). Similarly, we found that children in the friend‐made condition demonstrated larger N400 amplitudes to congruent trials compared to children in the speaker‐made condition, suggesting the possibility that children's lack of N400 in the friend‐made condition was due to their mistrust of the speaker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children remember words from ignorant speakers but do not attach meaning: evidence from event‐related potentials

Mangardich

Sabbagh

2017

Developmental Science

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Although we know much about the conditions under which children demonstrate selective social learning, we have a limited understanding of the cognitive mechanisms by which children's selectivity manifests. Here, we report findings from a brain electrophysiological (ERP) study designed to determine the extent to which words presented by ignorant speakers were later both familiar to children and associated with semantic meaning. Forty-eight children (mean age = 6.5 years) first experienced novel word training from either a knowledgeable or an ignorant speaker. Children's ERPs were subsequently recorded as they heard a recording of the speaker using the novel word, followed by a picture of either the object the word was paired with during training (congruent) or a distractor object that was also present during training (incongruent). Children trained by a knowledgeable speaker showed both N200 and N400 effects to the incongruent word-referent pairings, thereby suggesting that the novel words were both familiar and bore a semantic association. In contrast, children trained by an ignorant speaker demonstrated only the N200 effect, thereby suggesting that the word-referent links were familiar, but not associated with semantic meaning. These findings provide evidence that selective word learning involves the disruption of processes specifically associated with semantic consolidation of word learning events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children remember words from ignorant speakers but do not attach meaning: evidence from event‐related potentials

Mangardich

Sabbagh

2017

Developmental Science

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“…Klein and colleagues (164) observed a reduction in P300b amplitude in participants with higher overall schizotypy (SPQ), complementing P300 amplitude changes that had been reported in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives (165). In another study, stronger negativity in the N400 window was found to be associated with higher scores in the SPQ disorganized dimension (166). Koychev and colleagues (167) studied a working memory task and found that participants with high SPQ schizotypy had reduced network synchronization in the beta and gamma range in fronto-central and central-occipital regions, compatible with the observation of disturbed cortico-cortical connectivity in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Genetic Cognitive and Neurobiological Studies Of Schizotypmentioning

confidence: 93%

Genetics, Cognition, and Neurobiology of Schizotypal Personality: A Review of the Overlap with Schizophrenia

et al. 2014

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Schizotypy refers to a set of temporally stable traits that are observed in the general population and that resemble the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we review evidence from studies on genetics, cognition, perception, motor and oculomotor control, brain structure, brain function, and psychopharmacology in schizotypy. We specifically focused on identifying areas of overlap between schizotypy and schizophrenia. Evidence was corroborated that significant overlap exists between the two, covering the behavioral brain structural and functional as well molecular levels. In particular, several studies showed that individuals with high levels of schizotypal traits exhibit alterations in neurocognitive task performance and underlying brain function similar to the deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia. Studies of brain structure have shown both volume reductions and increase in schizotypy, pointing to schizophrenia-like deficits as well as possible protective or compensatory mechanisms. Experimental pharmacological studies have shown that high levels of schizotypy are associated with (i) enhanced dopaminergic response in striatum following administration of amphetamine and (ii) improvement of cognitive performance following administration of antipsychotic compounds. Together, this body of work suggests that schizotypy shows overlap with schizophrenia across multiple behavioral and neurobiological domains, suggesting that the study of schizotypal traits may be useful in improving our understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia.

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“…For example, we have been looking at the N400 event-related brain potential 5 , a negative waveform that is elicited 400 ms after the onset of meaningful stimuli such as words as concrete words (e.g., banana) that activate both visual and verbal representations, than for abstract words (e.g., idea), which activate only verbal representations 7,8 . Research also supports the idea that even mild symptoms of schizophrenia, as measured by schizotypy scales, are associated with abnormally excessive semantic activation of the N400 9 . As such, we are exploring whether antipsychotic medication, which decreases schizophrenic symptom presentation, normalizes abnormal semantic activations of the N400 in healthy individuals with high levels of schizotypy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization

Ali

Lacas

et al. 2014

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Within the field of cognitive neuroscience, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular method of visualizing brain function. This is in part because of its excellent spatial resolution, which allows researchers to identify brain areas associated with specific cognitive processes. However, in the quest to localize brain functions, it is relevant to note that many cognitive, sensory, and motor processes have temporal distinctions that are imperative to capture, an aspect that is left unfulfilled by fMRI's suboptimal temporal resolution. To better understand cognitive processes, it is thus advantageous to utilize event-related potential (ERP) recording as a method of gathering information about the brain. Some of its advantages include its fantastic temporal resolution, which gives researchers the ability to follow the activity of the brain down to the millisecond. It also directly indexes both excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials by which most brain computations are performed. This sits in contrast to fMRI, which captures an index of metabolic activity. Further, the non-invasive ERP method does not require a contrast condition: raw ERPs can be examined for just one experimental condition, a distinction from fMRI where control conditions must be subtracted from the experimental condition, leading to uncertainty in associating observations with experimental or contrast conditions. While it is limited by its poor spatial and subcortical activity resolution, ERP recordings' utility, relative cost-effectiveness, and associated advantages offer strong rationale for its use in cognitive neuroscience to track rapid temporal changes in neural activity. In an effort to foster increase in its use as a research imaging method, and to ensure proper and accurate data collection, the present article will outline -in the framework of a paradigm using semantic categorization to examine the effects of antipsychotics and schizotypy on the N400 -the procedure and key aspects associated with ERP data acquisition.

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Schizotypal traits and N400 in healthy subjects

Cited by 14 publications

References 63 publications

Children remember words from ignorant speakers but do not attach meaning: evidence from event‐related potentials

Children remember words from ignorant speakers but do not attach meaning: evidence from event‐related potentials

Genetics, Cognition, and Neurobiology of Schizotypal Personality: A Review of the Overlap with Schizophrenia

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization

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