Schizophrenia‐spectrum psychoses in people with and without intellectual disability

Abstract

People with ID and SSP appear to be more debilitated by the co-occurring disorder than those with the same disorder but without ID. Increases in observable psychopathology and "negative" schizophrenic symptoms, and decreased functional abilities were observed in the group with ID when compared to the GAMH group. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Family burden related to clinical and functional variables of people with intellectual disability with and without a mental disorder

“…Few studies have assessed the functional disability comparing ID and ID-MD. Consistent with our results, Bouras et al (2004) found that people with ID and schizophrenia have lower functioning than those with ID alone.…”

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

“…Auditory hallucinations have been shown to be the most reliable and consistentlyreported psychotic symptom in those with mild ID (Meadows et al 1991;Moss et al 1996). Bouras et al (2004) compared people diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without mild ID. The study found that although the groups did not differ in terms of reported psychopathology, the group with ID showed greater levels of observable psychopathology and more negative symptoms (Bouras et al 2004).…”

“…Bouras et al (2004) compared people diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without mild ID. The study found that although the groups did not differ in terms of reported psychopathology, the group with ID showed greater levels of observable psychopathology and more negative symptoms (Bouras et al 2004). This finding was corroborated by a meta-analysis of studies comparing the presentation of schizophrenia in people with mild ID or borderline intellectual functioning with those with average-high IQ which demonstrated those with lower IQ experience substantially greater negative symptoms (Welch et al 2011).…”

“…When comparing people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without cooccurring intellectual disability, studies have shown people with borderline intellectual functioning or diagnosed intellectual disability have a more severe illness, greater functional disability and lower quality of life (Bouras et al 2004;Chaplin et al 2006).…”

Effect of Music Intervention on the Behaviour Disorders of Children with Intellectual Disability using Strategies from Applied Behaviour Analysis

“…Dykens (2000) suggested that adolescents and children with intellectual disabilities have a significantly greater risk of psychiatric disorders as compared to their peers without intellectual disability. Comparatively speaking, the incidence of behavioural disorders is 5 -7 times more among people with intellectual disabilities (Dykens and Hodapp, 2001;Emerson, 2003;Bouras et al, 2004). Reiss (1994) noted that persons with intellectual disabilities are at higher risk of developing a mental illness than those with average intelligence.…”