Schizophrenia

Jauhar, Sameer; Johnstone, Mandy; McKenna, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01730-x

Cited by 326 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder that is characterized by a constellation of signs and symptoms of unknown etiology, particularly entailing but not restricted to hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized behaviors, and negative symptoms [1]. The mainstays of schizophrenia treatment remain antipsychotics, namely dopamine receptor antagonists.…”

Section: Schizophrenia: a Complex Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schizophrenia has been discussed as a disorder of gene-environment interactions that involve multiple vulnerability factors, including but not limited to genetic risk factors, birth and early life environmental risk factors, psychosocial stressors, psychological factors, gut microbiota, and neurochemical disturbances [5,6]. Given that schizophrenia tends to be a brain disorder with the presence of brain functional abnormalities and neurochemical disturbances, it has been considered that at least two neurotransmitters have emerged as leading contenders for its neuropathophysiology: dopamine and glutamate [1]. Hypofunctional N-methyl-Daspartate receptors on γ-aminobutyric acid interneurons in the prefrontal cortex that lead to the overactivation or downregulation of glutamate signaling to the ventral tegmental area may in turn result in excess dopamine in the ventral striatum via the mesolimbic pathway.…”

Section: Schizophrenia: a Complex Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction

Goh

Chen

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with schizophrenia has spurred investigational efforts to study the mechanism beneath its pathophysiology. Early psychosis dysfunction is present across multiple organ systems. On this account, schizophrenia may be a multisystem disorder in which one organ system is predominantly affected and where other organ systems are also concurrently involved. Growing evidence of the overlapping neurobiological profiles of metabolic risk factors and psychiatric symptoms, such as an association with cognitive dysfunction, altered autonomic nervous system regulation, desynchrony in the resting-state default mode network, and shared genetic liability, suggest that metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are connected via common pathways that are central to schizophrenia pathogenesis, which may be underpinned by oxytocin system dysfunction. Oxytocin, a hormone that involves in the mechanisms of food intake and metabolic homeostasis, may partly explain this piece of the puzzle in the mechanism underlying this association. Given its prosocial and anorexigenic properties, oxytocin has been administered intranasally to investigate its therapeutic potential in schizophrenia and obesity. Although the pathophysiology and mechanisms of oxytocinergic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are both complex and it is still too early to draw a conclusion upon, oxytocinergic dysfunction may yield a new mechanistic insight into schizophrenia pathogenesis and treatment.

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Section: Schizophrenia: a Complex Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Schizophrenia: a Complex Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction

Goh

Chen

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Schizophrenia (SC) is considered the most serious of all mental disorders ( 1 , 2 ). Many patients with SC do not fully recover, and even among those with a good prognosis, the disease changes their lives, including social isolation, stigma, and reduced likelihood of finding a companion ( 3 , 4 ). Poor eating habits, weight gain, smoking, and substance abuse can reduce life expectancy by 13–15 years ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Schizophrenia Itself Cause Obesity?

et al. 2022

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BackgroundSchizophrenia (SC) is considered the most serious of all mental disorders. Some antipsychotics are associated with weight gain and metabolic abnormalities. Whether SC itself causes obesity remains uncertain.MethodsWe collected 185 first-episode drug-naive SC and 59 healthy controls (HCs) from the Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China, and distinguished their course of disease in order to understand the body mass index (BMI) and body fat metabolism of SC.ResultsWe found that excluding the drug factors, the longer the course of SC, the more obvious the increase of BMI and the higher the proportion of obesity. BMI was positively correlated with age, course of disease, fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The results of regression analysis were further proof that age (B = 0.094, p < 0.001), duration (B = 0.081, p = 0.002), FBG (B = 0.987, p = 0.004), and TG (B = 0.918, p = 0.002) were the risk factors for the increase of BMI. HDL (B = –2.875, p < 0.001) was the protective factor.ConclusionSC itself can increase BMI and easily lead to obesity. We should pay more attention to the monitoring of blood metabolism indicators, so as to reduce the risk of obesity and improve the quality of life of patients.

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“…Schizophrenia is a severe and heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that affects about one percent of the world’s population ( Jauhar et al, 2022 ). Notably, the critical period for oligodendrocyte (OL) and myelin development coincides with the peak onset of schizophrenia, which is concentrated in a very narrow time window range from adolescence to young adulthood ( Lee et al, 2014 ; Kwon et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone Acetylation and Methylation Underlie Oligodendroglial and Myelin Susceptibility in Schizophrenia

Xiao

Chen

2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder affected by both genetic and epigenetic factors. Except for neuronal dysfunction, oligodendroglial abnormalities also contribute to the disease pathogenesis, characterized by a robust dysregulation of oligodendrocyte and myelin related genes. Accumulating evidence shows that histone modifications play important roles in transcriptional regulation of the genes crucial for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Specifically, the histone acetylation and methylation were two well-recognized histone modification abnormalities in the schizophrenic brains. In this mini-review, we will describe the dynamic changes of histone acetylation and methylation in schizophrenia, which may coordinate and induce deleterious epigenetic memory in oligodendroglial cells, and further lead to oligodendrocyte and myelin deficits. Precise modulation of histone modification status in oligodendroglial cells needs to secure the balance of epigenetic marks, which may revise the therapeutic strategy for the white matter etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Schizophrenia

Cited by 326 publications

References 209 publications

Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction

Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction

Does Schizophrenia Itself Cause Obesity?

Histone Acetylation and Methylation Underlie Oligodendroglial and Myelin Susceptibility in Schizophrenia

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