Schizophrenia and affective disorder show different visual scanpath patterns to faces and facial expressions: Is this a trait versus state-based distinction?

Loughland, Carmel M.; Williams, Lea M.; Gordon, E.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)80413-9

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Furthermore, a significant correlation between abnormalperformance and negative and positive symptom subgroups hasbeen revealed in numerous studies, indicating that this deficitin facial emotion recognition is a function of symptom severity (Addington&Addington, 1998;Kohler et al, 2000;Loughland,Williams, & Gordon, 2002a;Schneider, Gur, Gur, &Shtasel, 1995).The abnormal performance of schizophrenic patients in facialrecognition tasks could be due to an inability to process andintegrate typical features that convey a social meaning or thatinvolve an affective appraisal (Frith, Stevens, Johnstone, Owens,& Crow, 1983). Many recent studies have tried to relate thishypothesis with the incorrect information intake due, for example,to an abnormal visual scanning (Loughland et al, 2002a;Loughland, Williams, & Gordon, 2002b;Manor et al, 1999;Streit,Wolwer, &Gaebel, 1997;Williams, Loughland, Gordon,& Davidson, 1999). Loughland et al (2002a) addressed thepossibility that the schizophrenic deficit in facial emotion recognitionresults from a breakdown in the neurocognitive strategiesthat underlie the processing of face stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of configural information in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia

2006

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The schizophrenia deficit in facial emotion recognition could be accounted for by a deficit in processing the configural information of the face. The present experiment was designed to further test this hypothesis by studying the face-inversion effect in a facial emotion recognition task. The ability of 26 schizophrenic patients and 26 control participants to recognize facial emotions on upright and upside-down faces was assessed. Participants were told to state whether faces expressed one of six possible emotions (happiness, anger, disgust, fear, sadness, neutrality) in two sessions, one with upright faces and the other with upside-down faces. Discriminability and the decision criterion were computed. The results indicated that the schizophrenic patients were impaired in upright facial emotion discrimination by comparison with the controls. They also exhibited an inversion effect similar to the controls. However, whereas controls tended to adopt a more conservative criterion for all emotions and a liberal criterion for neutrality when the faces were upside-down, schizophrenic patients presented a decision criterion pattern that was similar for the two orientations and similar to controls in upside-down emotion recognition. The lack of a decision criterion shift was associated with positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior. Moreover, positive and negative symptoms were associated with inversion effect on discriminability; the more severe the symptoms, the weaker the inversion effect. We conclude that individuals with schizophrenia do process the configural information of the face. However, further investigations are needed to assert whether this information is of good quality in schizophrenia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of configural information in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia

2006

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“…O padrão de busca visual dos sujeitos esquizofrênicos encontrado no presente estudo é caracterizado por menor número de fixações, mas com duração maior. Esse padrão é semelhante ao padrão encontrado em outros estudos (Loughland, Williams & Gordon, 2003, Loughland, Williams e Gordon, 2002, Ryu e cols., 2001, porém diverge destes em não encontrar diferença significativa no comprimento dos movimentos sacádicos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…O tempo de exploração das faces com conteúdo emocional foi maior para ambos os grupos. Embora o estudo do Loughland, Williams e Gordon (2002) aponte para diferenças nos padrões de movimentos oculares na exploração das faces com conteúdo emocional, os autores não descrevem o tempo de exploração. Isso pode ser em virtude da diferença no procedimento, pois no presente estudo as faces foram pareadas, uma com conteúdo emocional e outra neutra, diferentemente do estudo de Loughland e colaboradores (2002), em que o pareamento foi feito também entre as faces com conteúdo emocional.…”

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“…Ao mesmo tempo, a expressividade facial dos pacientes com prevalência dos sintomas negativos está rebaixada, prejudicando a interpretação dos seus estados emocionais pelos outros. Loughland, Williams e Gordon (2002) observaram o comportamento visual de pacientes esquizofrênicos, com transtorno afetivo e sem histórico psiquiátrico durante a observação de faces humanas classificadas como felizes, tristes e neutras. Resultados mostraram que as estratégias que os esquizofrênicos empregaram para a exploração visual eram limitadas, sendo observado: baixo número de fixações, menor distância entre elas e maior concentração central.…”

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Percepção de expressões faciais em pessoas com esquizofrenia: movimentos oculares, sintomatologia e nível intelectual

et al. 2007

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ResumoA análise dos padrões dos movimentos oculares em esquizofrênicos mostra que estes apresentam alterações próprias da doença. O objetivo foi avaliar e relacionar as propriedades dos movimentos oculares com o estado clínico e nível intelectual durante observação de faces. Foram avaliados 10 sujeitos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e 10 controle, pareados em função de sexo, idade e escolaridade. Foi utilizada a Escala das Síndromes Positiva e Negativa (ESPN), o Teste de Matrizes Progressivas Raven e o Penn Emotion Acuity Test. A busca visual foi registrada com programa EyeGaze®. Resultados mostram que ambos os grupos fixaram mais as faces com conteúdo emocional, sendo o número total de fixações menor entre os pacientes com esquizofrenia. A duração da fixação teve correlação inversa com a pontuação no Raven, PANSS e número de fixação. Parâmetros dos movimentos oculares se correlacionaram com a condição clínica e nível intelectual dos pacientes com esquizofrenia. Palavras-chave: Esquizofrenia; Movimento ocular; Inteligência; Estado clínico. The perception of facial expressions in people with schizophrenia: Eye movements, symptomatology and intelligence AbstractAnalyses of the eye movement patterns of schizophrenics show some specific characteristics underlying the illness. The objective of present study was to evaluate and correlate basic properties of the eye movements with the clinical state and intelligence during the visual scan of faces. 10 outpatient subjects with schizophrenia and 10 controls matched in gender, age and school years were evaluated. The assessment tools were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PNSS), the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test and the Penn Emotion Acuity Test. The visual scan was registered with the EyeGaze® program. Both groups showed more fixations for stimuli with emotional expression, with significantly smaller overall number of fixations for the schizophrenic subjects group. Duration of fixations was inversely correlated with score in the Raven Test, PANSS and number of fixations. The properties of the eye movements showed correlation with the clinical condition and intelligence of the outpatients with schizophrenia.

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“…In line with this idea of a deficit in the perceptual processing of faces, many researchers have reported abnormal visual scanning of faces in schizophrenics (e.g., Loughland, Williams, & Gordon, 2002a, 2002bManor et al, 1999;Streit, Wolwer, & Gaebel, 1997;Williams, Loughland, Gordon, & Davidson, 1999). In particular, schizophrenic patients tend to make shorter saccades as well as fewer and longer fixations, looking less frequently at features in comparison to healthy controls.…”

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confidence: 92%

Second-order facial information processing in schizophrenia.

Baudouin¹,

Vernet²,

Franck³

2008

Neuropsychology

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This study investigated the processing of second-order relational face information in schizophrenia. Twenty-eight schizophrenic patients and 28 controls were asked to say whether the space between the eyes was the same in 2 side-by-side faces. The 2 faces were derived from the same original face, but the spacing between the eyes was either the same or differed by various distances. The results showed that schizophrenic patients needed a space that was twice as great as controls to see a difference. The authors conclude that schizophrenic patients have a deficit in processing second-order relational face information.

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Schizophrenia and affective disorder show different visual scanpath patterns to faces and facial expressions: Is this a trait versus state-based distinction?

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The role of configural information in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia

The role of configural information in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia

Percepção de expressões faciais em pessoas com esquizofrenia: movimentos oculares, sintomatologia e nível intelectual

Second-order facial information processing in schizophrenia.

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