Schizophrenia: A Prognostic and Social Study

Harris, Arthur; Linker, Inge; Norris, Vera; Shepherd, Michael

doi:10.1136/jech.10.3.107

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Harris, Linker, Norris, and Shepherd (1956) found that the total duration of stay in hospital for their group of schizophrenic patients was closely correlated with the patients' condition at follow-up (after 5 years), and they concluded that statistical studies, in which prognosis is assessed by duration of stay, give a reliable assessment of outcome. If this is so, it is one more reason to suppose that prognosis is directly related to social class.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Class and Prognosis in Schizophrenia. Part II

Cooper¹

1961

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Class and Prognosis in Schizophrenia. Part II

Cooper¹

1961

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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“…2. The association between destination social status and mental disorder for the Harris et al (1956) data is borderline (X2 = 6.13; df = 2; p= .05).…”

Section: Which Models Fit?mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…As Table 1 shows, their modified model does not fit the Midtown Manhattan data (L2=277.24;df=4; p=<.OO1) or any other data set except the Harris et al (1956) data.2 Their modified model, by the absence of TjkDG and Tijk7DG, assumes that destination social status and mental disorder are independent and that social mobility does not vary between groups. Which of these assumptions prevents their modified model from fitting the observed data in any of the data sets except the Harris et al (1956) data?…”

Section: Which Models Fit?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Their reformulation and analysis of intergenerational social mobility differences does not alter the previous finding that "intergenerational social mobility differences between seriously mentally disordered and general population groups in previous studies provide very little, if any, evidence of empirical support for social selection-drift process in serious mental illness" (Fox, 1990, p. 350 There are significant issues in the quality of data for the mentally disordered groups and general population in nearly all previous studies. For example, the Midtown Manhattan data is not "true" intergenerational social mobility data (Langner and Michael 1963, p. 425), the Harris et al (1956) study uses the Glass (1954) data that Payne, Ford, and Robertson (1977) argue is implausible, while the Goldberg and Morrison (1963) study did not use a control group. Most studies use retrospective samples of patients in treatment (Dohrenwend et al 1992).…”

Section: Which Models Fit?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…I was unaware of theHarris et al (1956) study mentioned by Rodgers and Mann. I have included it because it is one of the few previous social selection-drift studies that gives full origin by destination social mobility tables for both mentally disordered and general population groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Conceptualization and Measurement of Social Mobility Differences: A Brief Reply to Rodgers and Mann

Fox¹

1993

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

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The natural history of schizophrenia: a five-year follow-up study of outcome and prediction in a representative sample of schizophrenics

Shepherd¹,

Watt²,

Falloon³

et al. 1989

Psychol. Med. Monogr. Suppl.

261

136

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Longitudinal studies of schizophrenia based on at least 70 subjects and a minimum five-year follow-up period are reviewed in respect of the requirements of adequate method. A cohort of 121, PSE-diagnosed, schizophrenic admissions from a defined population was identified. The sex-distribution of the subjects was almost equal. Forty per cent were first admissions; 65% of the men and 24% women were unmarried; the mean age of onset for men was 28.6 years, for women 33.2 years. Almost half (48%) were continuously employed (including house and child care) for 2 years prior to admissions. First rank symptoms of schizophrenia were present in 79% of the men and 86% of the women. Comprehensive, standardized assessments of clinical state and social function were made on discharge from hospital and at follow-up by home interview of patient and relative(s). Outcome was also assessed by duration and frequency of readmission and by duration of employment. First admissions were analysed separately from the whole cohort. There were 49 first admissions generating an incidence of 7.4 per 100,000 general population per annum. Sixty-nine per cent of men and 13% of women were unmarried. The mean age of admission for men was 30.8 years, women 40.3 years and the mean age of onset 30.7 and 38.6 respectively. After 5 years first rank symptoms were present in 46% of the males and 35% of the females. The proportion showing depressive symptoms fell from 39% at intake to 22% at five years. In terms of a combination of symptoms and readmissions there was a good outcome in 50% of men and 65% of women, a trend comparable to that found in the whole cohort. For the whole cohort a combination of the number of symptoms and admissions disclosed a good outcome for 48%. The mean total duration of readmissions during the five years for men was 76 weeks and for women 27 weeks. Depressive symptoms were present in 38% at intake and 21% after 5 years. An overall rating of social functioning at 5 years showed no more than mild impairment for 47% of men and 74% of women, although individual items were more impaired. However, 38% of the group showed no more than mild impairment in any aspect of social functioning rated. Clinical and social outcome were, in general, closely correlated. The difference in outcome between men and women and the relations between clinical and social outcome are discussed. By means of an application of measures of association between independent and dependent variables to the onset data the clinical and social categories of pathology and impairment at 5 years were forecast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Schizophrenia: A Prognostic and Social Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Social Class and Prognosis in Schizophrenia. Part II

Social Class and Prognosis in Schizophrenia. Part II

The Conceptualization and Measurement of Social Mobility Differences: A Brief Reply to Rodgers and Mann

The natural history of schizophrenia: a five-year follow-up study of outcome and prediction in a representative sample of schizophrenics

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