Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic

Muth, Sinuon; Sayasone, Somphou; Odermatt-Biays, Sophie; Phompida, Samlane; Socheat, Duong; Odermatt, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(10)72007-8

Cited by 88 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…E-mail: pewpan@kku.ac.th Table 1 Prevalences and intensities of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hook worm, Schistosoma mekongi, and miscellaneous trematode infections in LAO PDR in year 2012 in the endemic population and travelers. 4 We found a high prevalence of STHs and other parasites all over Lao PDR, despite a mass drug administration program providing a high coverage of mebendazole treatment in school-age children since 2006. 11 Several factors may explain the continuing high prevalence of STH infections in this region, including poor sanitation and the low socio-economic status in the rural areas, which facilitate high parasite transmission and frequent reinfections.…”

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confidence: 71%

“…[1][2][3] Ascaris lumbricoides is estimated to infect 1.221 billion people globally, T. trichiura 795 million, and hookworms, 740 million globally. 1 The blood fluke, Schistosoma mekongi, occurs in communities along the Mekong River in Cambodia and Lao PDR, 4 causing intestinal and hepatosplenic disease. 5,6 Many other trematode species can also infect people in Lao PDR.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Current Status of Human Hookworm Infections, Ascariasis, Trichuriasis, Schistosomiasis Mekongi and Other Trematodiases in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Laymanivong

Hangvanthong²,

Keokhamphavanh³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, and schistosomiasis and other trematodiases often have a high prevalence in developing countries. Here, we present updated information on the prevalence of these parasites in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) in 2012, arising from the annual national helminthiasis survey. Fecal specimens were collected from 8,610 inhabitants of 12 provinces and one municipality (Bokeo, Houaphan, Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, and Phongsaly Provinces from northern Lao PDR; Bolikhamxay and Xieng Khouang Provinces and Vientiane Municipality from the central part of the country; and Attapeu, Champasak, Saravan, and Sekong Provinces from southern Lao PDR). The overall prevalence of three major STHs, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) were 11.6%, 8.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. Prevalence of Schistosoma mekongi infection was 0.1%, and of miscellaneous trematodiases (including opisthorchiasis) was 14.0%. Clearly, the nationwide parasite control project is still necessary to reduce morbidity caused by helminthic diseases.Three major soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), i.e., roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) are important public health problems, mostly impacting the health of children in several countries of the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, China, and East and Southeast Asia, including Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). 1-3 Ascaris lumbricoides is estimated to infect 1.221 billion people globally, T. trichiura 795 million, and hookworms, 740 million globally. 1 The blood fluke, Schistosoma mekongi, occurs in communities along the Mekong River in Cambodia and Lao PDR, 4 causing intestinal and hepatosplenic disease. 5,6 Many other trematode species can also infect people in Lao PDR. These include the highly pathogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids such as Haplorchis taichui, and lecithodendriids such as Phaneropsolus bonnei, and Prosthodendrium molenkampi. 7 To help planning for improvement of control strategies and evaluation of existing control activities, there was a need to update information on the prevalence and distributions of STHs and schistosomiasis and other trematodes. The information is presented here.During parasitological surveys in 2012, fecal specimens were collected from 8,610 inhabitants located in 12 provinces and one municipality (Figure 1). Sample size calculation was performed by using simple random sampling based on estimated preliminary prevalence data for STHs (Laymanivong and others, unpublished data). A total of 58 villages from 29 districts were randomly selected (2 or 3 districts per province and 2-3 villages per district). Approximately 300 inhabitants, with equal sex ratio, were randomly selected per village. The study was approved by the Ministry of Public Health, Lao PDR. Oral informed consent was obtained from all human adult participants and...

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confidence: 71%

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confidence: 99%

Current Status of Human Hookworm Infections, Ascariasis, Trichuriasis, Schistosomiasis Mekongi and Other Trematodiases in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Laymanivong

Hangvanthong²,

Keokhamphavanh³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In Khong District including this island study area S. mekongi control started in the 1980ties (Muth et al, 2010;Urbani et al, 2002). Several MDA rounds combined with health education were conducted between 1984 and 1999 using a single oral dose of praziquantel and mebendazole/albendazole (Urbani et al, 2002).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On Donelong Island, profound liver and intestinal morbidity was frequent due to S. mekongi infection (Muth et al, 2010). Co-infection with O. viverrini aggravated the liver morbidity .…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived illness drives participation in mass deworming campaigns in Laos

Phongluxa¹,

Eeuwijk²,

Soukhathammavong³

et al. 2015

Acta Tropica

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Multiple helminth infections are very common in communities of southern Laos. Preventive chemotherapy in combination with health education is the mainstay of control. We assessed the knowledge, perceptions and practices of rural communities related to endemic helminthiasis and their control during a mass drug administration (MDA) campaign. Short interviews with household heads (n = 192), direct observations and discussions with attendants of mass drug administrations, and in-depth interviews with local opinion leaders (n = 21) were carried out. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis was performed. Results showed that opinion leaders and villagers were well aware of the importance of attending MDA. Leaders perceived the effectiveness of MDA against severe schistosomiasis and appreciated that it was provided for free and in their village. They encouraged villagers to attend it. Anticipated adverse effect of praziquantel was a barrier for participation. A majority of leaders purchased deworming tablet (mebendazole, albendazole) in a local pharmacy for deworming when MDA is absent in their villages (19/21). Most leaders (20/21) had a good knowledge on severe schistosomiasis though only a few of them (5/21) described its cause correctly. They knew little about the disease consequences of liver fluke (3/21) and soiltransmitted helminth (4/21) infections but more about their causes. A high risk for worm infection was observed: consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked fish (100%), frequent physical contacts with Mekong River water (76.0%) and low number of latrines (14.5%). In conclusion, MDA is widely accepted in affected communities. Avoiding severe schistosomiasis was the main motivation to comply. Participation rates increased significantly with drugs provided free of charge in the villages. Better knowledge on the consequences of worm infections and on its modes of transmission will foster the distribution and acceptance of appropriate preventive treatment and other measures in helminth endemic communities. Where multiple infections require several drugs for MDA, preceding health education and information about MDA and its benefits are a prior condition.3

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“…However, detailed information on intestinal and hepatobiliary morbidity due to O. viverrini infection is lacking. Furthermore, the effect of coinfection with the blood fluke Schistosoma mekongi, endemic in the southern Champasack province [6], has never been assessed.…”

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confidence: 99%