Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula reduce E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated lung microvascular endothelial cells by interfering with the NF-κB pathway

Schistosoma mansoni induces the synthesis of IL-6 in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells: role of IL-6 in the control of lung eosinophilia during infection

“…Recently, we have shown that schistosomula increased the concentration of intracellular cAMP and promoted the phosphorylation of the CREB transcription factor in EC [7,8]. In the present study, we provide evidence that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is responsible for IL-6 synthesis in HLMVEC.…”

“…Since we have recently shown that SESP contain bioactive lipophilic compounds [8,10], we tested the effects of the organic phase of the SESP on IL-6 secretion. As shown in Fig.…”

“…In vitro lung-transformed schistosomula and SESP (the supernatant of a 4-h culture containing 1×10 3 parasites/ml) were prepared as previously described [7,8]. The methanol/ chloroform-extracted fraction from the SESP (termed the lipophilic fraction) was obtained as reported [8,10].…”

“…The methanol/ chloroform-extracted fraction from the SESP (termed the lipophilic fraction) was obtained as reported [8,10]. The lipophilic fraction was dried under a stream of nitrogen and resuspended in DMSO (50 ?…”

“…These changes in endothelial properties are important for the recruitment of immune effector cells from the blood to the perivascular spaces [3,6]. Recently, we have shown that S. mansoni schistosomula may control the pulmonary inflammation by reinforcing the endothelial barrier properties [7] and by interfering with the expression of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 on TNF- § -stimulated lung microvascular EC [8]. We speculated that this stratagem may allow the parasite to control the leukocyte influx into the lungs.…”