Schistosoma mansoni: Immunohistochemical localization of the CHR reaction in glycocalyx of cercaria

Kemp, Walter M.; Damian, Raymond T.; Greene, Nathan D.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(73)90006-4

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In later electron microscope studies (Smith, Reynolds & Von Lichtenberg, 1969;Hockley, 1972) a fibrillar glycocalyx or surface coat was identified on the cercariae. Kemp (1973) confirmed, by histochemical methods, that the PAS staining material was of the glycocalyx. Although the loss of the cercarial glycocalyx during transformation has been irrefutably demonstrated, how this loss occurs and what relationship exists between coat loss and the permeability changes of the organism which occur during transformation, remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Factors affecting surface changes in intact cercariae and cercarial bodies of Schistosoma mansoni

Gazzinelli

et al. 1975

Parasitology

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The effect of different incubation media and of temperature on the induction of water sensitivity has been investigated in intact and tailless Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Removal of the cercarial tail by vortex stirring and elevation of the temperature of the medium from 27 to 37°C resulted in the rapid onset of permeability changes in the larvae. The rate of change was greater in water than in TC-199 or Hanks' BSS media. Lowering the pH of the medium or increasing the concentration of Ca2+ ions decreased the rate of permeability change: raising the pH of the medium or the addition of 10−5 M EDTA enhanced the rate.Raising the temperature of the medium also increased the rate of permeability change in intact cercariae although the rates obtained varied with the different media tested, being greatest in TC-199.It is concluded that both temperature elevation and loss of the cercarial tail influence the onset and rate of permeability changes in cercarial bodies during the transformation to schistosomula.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Factors affecting surface changes in intact cercariae and cercarial bodies of Schistosoma mansoni

Gazzinelli

et al. 1975

Parasitology

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“…The CHR is believed to be the result of interaction between cercarial antigen, IgG and complement (Kemp, 1972;Stirewalt and Evans, 1955) and the antigenic site is the fine extracuticular film surrounding freshly emerged cercariae (Kemp, 1970;Kruidenier and Stirewalt, 1955;Kemp et al, 1973). Kemp (1970) has suggested that this cercarial coat, containing glycoprotein, constitutes a "glycocalyx" and electron microscope studies have shown it to be a hirsute coat of fibrous material about 1 /an in thickness, specifically attached to the outer membrane of the tegument (Kemp, 1970;Hockley, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediate host antigens associated with the cercariae of Schistosoma haematobium

Jackson¹

1976

J. Helminthol.

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“…The glycocalyx forms a 1-to 2-,um-thick fibrillar coat on cercariae (7,10,17) and is the predominant material labeled on cercariae by either Per-3H or by lodogen-catalyzed iodination (17). The glycocalyx appears then to be the major moiety on the cercarial surface and is likely the major moiety responsible for complement activation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this is unlikely because tails bound more anti-C3 than CB did and were more rapidly lysed by sera from hypogammaglobulinemic patients. The glycocalyx has been shown to be carbohydrate rich (9, 17, 23), high molecular weight, acidic (17), and antigenic (10,17,23). It may be similar to carbohydrates on bacteria which activate complement by the alternative pathway (6,8,25).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cercariae, the stage of Schistosoma mansoni which infects humans, are covered by a syncytium called the tegument. The tegument is bounded by a single-unit membrane and a 1to 2-p.m-thick, carbohydrate-rich glycocalyx, which is antigenic (9,10,23). Recently we have shown that this glycocalyx is a meshwork of 15-to 30-nm fibrils, which is stained for transmission microscopy by antischistosomal antibodies, ruthenium red, or tannic acid (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cercarial glycocalyx of Schistosoma mansoni activates human complement

Samuelson¹,

Caulfield²

1986

Infect Immun

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Human complement activation by cercariae and schistosomula of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni was studied in vitro. Cercariae are composed of tails which are shed after infection of the host and bodies which transform into the larvae or schistosomula after infection. After incubation in fresh normal human serum (NHS), cercarial tails bound more anti-C3 antibodies than did cercarial bodies (CB), and the tails were rapidly lysed, while the attached CB remained intact. Complement activation by cercariae was dependent on the alternative pathway but was independent of antibody, as shown by C3 deposition by hypogammaglobulinemic human sera. By transmission microscopy, the fibrillar glycocalyx on both CB and tails was stained by NHS but not by heat-inactivated serum (HI-NHS). The glycocalyx was labeled with periodate and tritiated borohydride, and parasites were incubated in NHS and HI-NHS. After solubilization, the labeled glycocalyx on organisms incubated in NHS but not HI-NHS bound anti-C3 antibodies. Of the CB incubated with eserine sulfate to prevent transformation, 78% +/- 10% were dead after culture for 24 h in NHS. In contrast, 21% +/- 12% of the CB were dead after culture in HI-NHS. Schistosomula incubated in NHS bound 37% of the amount of anti-C3 antibodies bound by cercariae but were not killed by NHS. In conclusion, the cercarial glycocalyx activated human complement, and schistosomula were less susceptible to killing than cercariae because they had less glycocalyx and activated less complement.

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Schistosoma mansoni: Immunohistochemical localization of the CHR reaction in glycocalyx of cercaria

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Factors affecting surface changes in intact cercariae and cercarial bodies of Schistosoma mansoni

Factors affecting surface changes in intact cercariae and cercarial bodies of Schistosoma mansoni

Intermediate host antigens associated with the cercariae of Schistosoma haematobium

Cercarial glycocalyx of Schistosoma mansoni activates human complement

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