Schistosoma japonicum: An ultraviolet-attenuated cercarial vaccine applicable in the field for water buffaloes

Shi, Yifei; Jiang, C.-F.; Han, Jiajun; Lü, Yonglong; Ruppel, Andreas

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(90)90012-2

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, protection against schistosome parasites appears to be species specific (124,150) and, in the case of the Chinese and Philippine strains of S. japonicum, even strain specific (15,124). UV-attenuated S. japonicum cercarial vaccines have been tested successfully in buffaloes (222) and in pigs (163) under field conditions in China, but due to the difficulty and impracticality of producing quality-controlled, reproducible batches of these vaccines on a large scale and the associated safety considerations, they are clearly not suitable for use in humans or for wide veterinary application. As a result, considerable attention has focused on investigating the protective mechanisms of the anti-schistosome immune response and identifying relevant parasite antigens that may be involved in inducing protective immune responses, with a view to developing a recombinant synthetic-peptide-based (164) or DNA (4) vaccine.…”

Section: Vaccine Development Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: Prospects and Challenges for the 21st Century

et al. 2001

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Schistosomiasis japonica is a serious communicable disease and a major disease risk for more than 30 million people living in the tropical and subtropical zones of China. Infection remains a major public health concern despite 45 years of intensive control efforts. It is estimated that 865,000 people and 100,250 bovines are today infected in the provinces where the disease is endemic, and its transmission continues. Unlike the other schistosome species known to infect humans, the oriental schistosome, Schistosoma japonicum, is a true zoonotic organism, with a range of mammalian reservoirs, making control efforts extremely difficult. Clinical features of schistosomiasis range from fever, headache, and lethargy to severe fibro-obstructive pathology leading to portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatosplenomegaly, which can cause premature death. Infected children are stunted and have cognitive defects impairing memory and learning ability. Current control programs are heavily based on community chemotherapy with a single dose of the drug praziquantel, but vaccines (for use in bovines and humans) in combination with other control strategies are needed to make elimination of the disease possible. In this article, we provide an overview of the biology, epidemiology, clinical features, and prospects for control of oriental schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China

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Section: Vaccine Development Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: Prospects and Challenges for the 21st Century

et al. 2001

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“…In domestic animals (artiodactyl), the RA S. japonicum vaccine was always able to induce high levels of protection, and the protection exceeded 60% in pig and cattle. But few have involved the possible underlying mechanisms in theses studies except some suggested the involvement of antibody [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. An understanding of protective human immune mechanisms is essential to engineer an efficacious vaccine formula for human schistosomiasis [5], We need first to understand the immunological responses elicited by RA cercariae, which could pave the way for the human correlated studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Events Associated with High Level Protection against Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Pigs Immunized with UV-Attenuated Cercariae

Fang

Lin

et al. 2010

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe vaccination of radiation-attenuated Schistosoma japonicum cercariae can induce effective protection in artiodactyl, but the immune events related to protective immunity are not fully understood. To provide a paradigm for a human recombinant antigen vaccine, we have undertaken a vaccination and challenge experiment in pigs, which was recognized as an appropriate animal model in this type of study because of their similarity to human in immunology, and investigated the relative immune events induced by the radiation-attenuated S. japonicum cercariae.Methods and FindingsWe found that pigs immunized once with 400 µw UV-irradiated cercariae exhibited 63.84% and 71.82% reductions in worm burden and hepatic eggs respectively. Protective immunity in vaccinated pigs was associated with high level productions of IgM, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2; IgG2 was significantly increased in the acute infection. IFN-γ levels could be elicited by immunization. At week 6 post-infection, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels also showed a dramatic rise synchronously in vaccinated pigs. Moreover, the granzyme b, nk-lysin, ifnγ, il4 and il10 mRNA levels in early skin-draining lymph nodes of immunized pigs were higher than those in pigs with non-irradiated cercariae infection. In addition, cytotoxicity-related genes in the mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly upregulated in vaccinated pigs in the acute infection.Conclusion/SignificanceOur results demonstrated that IFN-γ and IgG2 antibody production, as well as genes related to cytotoxicity are associated with the high level protection induced by UV-irradiated Schistosoma japonicum vaccine. These findings indicated that optimal vaccination against S. japonicum required the induction of IFN-γ, IgG2 antibody related to Th1 responses and cytotoxicity effect.

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“…The studies of testing irradiation-attenuated cercariae as a possible vaccine against schistosomiasis were performed more than 50 years ago (Villella et al 1961;Szumlewicz and Olivier 1963). Many studies have shown that administration of live irradiation-attenuated cercariae to a large range of laboratory animals Shi et al 1990Shi et al , 1993, including nonhuman primates (Shi et al 1993;Eberl et al 2000;Torben and Hailu 2007), could provide 70-90% protection against experimental S. mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum infections. But due to the limit of cercariae supply and transportation and ethical implications for using living parasites, it is not feasible to use irradiated cercariae as vaccine in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma japonicum: proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins from ultraviolet-attenuated cercariae compared to normal cercariae

Yang

et al. 2009

Parasitol Res

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Schistosomiasis is considered the most important human helminthiasis in terms of morbidity and mortality. In this study, comparative soluble proteomic analysis of normal cercariae and ultraviolet-irradiated attenuated cercariae (UVAC) from Schistosoma japonicum were carried out in view of the high efficiency of irradiation-attenuated cercariae vaccine. The results revealed that some proteins showed significant differential expression in the parasite after treatment with ultraviolet light. Total 20 protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry, corresponded to five groups according to their functions in the main that were structural and motor proteins (actin, et al.), energy metabolism associated enzymes (glyceraldehydes-3-phosphage dehydrogenase, et al.), signaling transduction pathway-associated molecules (14-3-3 protein, et al.), heat shock protein families (HSP 70 family, et al.), and other functional proteins (20S proteasome). Furthermore, our results indicated that the differential expression of the proteins by ultraviolet irradiation may be, at least partially, acquired by regulating the mRNA levels of corresponding proteins. These results may provide new clues for further exploring the mechanism of protective immunity induced by UVAC and may shed some light on the development of vaccines against schistosomiasis.

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Schistosoma japonicum: An ultraviolet-attenuated cercarial vaccine applicable in the field for water buffaloes

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: Prospects and Challenges for the 21st Century

Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: Prospects and Challenges for the 21st Century

Immune Events Associated with High Level Protection against Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Pigs Immunized with UV-Attenuated Cercariae

Schistosoma japonicum: proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins from ultraviolet-attenuated cercariae compared to normal cercariae

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