Scanning electron microscopy of legs of two species of sucking lice (Anoplura: Phthiraptera)

Cruz, M. D. Soler; Mateo, M. P. Martín

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2008.10.001

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A claw‐shaped apophysis (apo) arises from it. At the base of the claw a fingerlike process, possibly with sensory function (Soler‐Cruz and Martin‐Mateo, ), is present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the group, the structure and function of attachment devices have been investigated in detail for a few selected species, such as the planthopper Lycorma delicatula (Frantsevich et al., ), several aphids (e.g. Carver and White, ; Lees and Hardie, ; Dixon et al., ), the true bug Pameridea roridulae (Voigt and Gorb, ), and the head louse Pediculus humanus (Soler‐Cruz and Martin‐Mateo, ). Systematic investigations of the pretarsal and tibial structures of Reduviidae and Miridae (Heteroptera) have been carried out by Weirauch (, ) and Schuh (), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of attachment structures in the highly diverse Acercaria (Hexapoda)

et al. 2013

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Acercaria display an unusually broad array of adhesive devices occurring on different parts of the legs. Attachment structures of all major subgroups are described and illustrated. Nineteen characters of the distal leg region were combined with a data matrix containing 99 additional morphological characters of different body parts. The results of the cladistic analysis are largely congruent with current hypotheses. Zoraptera are not retrieved as close relatives of Acercaria. The monophyly of the entire lineage and of the major subgroups Psocodea, Phthiraptera, and Hemiptera is confirmed. Our data also support the monophyly of Auchenorrhycha and a sister-group relationship between Thysanoptera and Hemiptera (Condylognatha). In contrast to other lineages of insects, the hairy type of adhesive device is present only in one group within the Acercaria (Heteroptera, Cimicomorpha). The arolium is present in the groundplan but missing in several groups (e.g. Psocodea, Cicadoidea, Aphidoidea). Pretarsal pulvilli evolved several times independently. Tarsal euplantulae and different specialized clasping devices have evolved within Phthiraptera, whereas pretarsal attachment devices are missing in this ectoparasitic group. The potential to modify pretarsal attachment devices in their structural details has probably contributed to the very successful diversification of the predominantly phytophagous Hemiptera.

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“…A claw‐shaped apophysis (apo) arises from it. At the base of the claw a fingerlike process, possibly with sensory function (Soler‐Cruz and Martin‐Mateo, ), is present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of attachment structures in the highly diverse Acercaria (Hexapoda)

et al. 2013

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“…A further six specimens (three males, two females and one nymph) were selected for observation using SEM. To eliminate particles adhered to the cuticle, specimens were placed in a solution of 70% ethanol and 30% ether for three days 27 . Subsequently, specimens were submitted to an ultrasound session lasting 20 min with a medium emission frequency at 30% intensity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed morphological structure and phylogenetic relationships of Degeeriella punctifer (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), a parasite of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)

Pérez

Sáez-Ventura

Liébanas

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Habitat loss is one of the main threats to species survival and, in the case of parasites, it is their hosts that provide their habitat. Therefore, extinction even at local scale of host taxa also implies the extinction of their parasites in a process known as co-extinction. This is the case of the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), which almost became extinct at the beginning of the twentieth century. After several attempts, this species was successfully reintroduced into the Alps at the end of the twentieth century. We collected 25 lice specimens from an electrocuted bearded vulture from Susa (Italian Alps) that were morphologically identified as Degeeriella punctifer. Six individuals were studied by scanning electron microscopy, with particular emphasis on their cephalic sensorial structures, while four further specimens were characterized at molecular level by amplifying partial regions of the 12SrRNA, COX1 and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1) genes. From a morphological perspective, the number, type and arrangement of the sensillae on the two distal antennal segments is quite similar to that of other species of the family Philopteridae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera). The mandibles and tarsal claws allow lice to cling firmly to their host’s feathers. Phylogenetic analyses help unravel the paraphyletic nature of the genus Degeeriella and demonstrate the clear differentiation between lice parasitizing Accipitriformes and Falconiformes, as well as the close relationship between D. punctifer, D. fulva, D. nisus and Capraiella sp. that, along with other genera, parasitize rollers (Aves: Coraciiformes).

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“…In some cases, attachment structures are present on the tibia as well [1,66,109,[123][124][125]. Smooth attachment pads are found in most groups of insects, for example, in Orthoptera [126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133], Siphonaptera [1], Phthiraptera [1,134], Mantodea [1,135], Hymenoptera [1,[136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148], Embioptera [109,149,150], Ephemeroptera, in form of a claw pad, [1], Thysanoptera [1,[151][152][153], Blattodea [154][155][156], Phasmatodea [2,59,108,109,…”

Section: Diversity Of Insects and Their Attachment Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, attachment structures are present on the tibia as well [ 1 , 66 , 109 , 123 – 125 ]. Smooth attachment pads are found in most groups of insects, for example, in Orthoptera [ 126 – 133 ], Siphonaptera [ 1 ], Phthiraptera [ 1 , 134 ], Mantodea [ 1 , 135 ], Hymenoptera [ 1 , 136 – 148 ], Embioptera [ 109 , 149 – 150 ], Ephemeroptera, in form of a claw pad, [ 1 ], Thysanoptera [ 1 , 151 – 153 ], Blattodea [ 154 – 156 ], Phasmatodea [ 2 , 59 , 108 – 109 157 – 164 ], Stenorrhyncha [ 66 , 123 – 124 165 – 166 ], Auchennorrhyncha [ 167 – 170 ], and some Mecoptera [ 1 , 103 , 171 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

Büscher¹,

Gorb²

2021

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Adhesive pads are functional systems with specific micro- and nanostructures which evolved as a response to specific environmental conditions and therefore exhibit convergent traits. The functional constraints that shape systems for the attachment to a surface are general requirements. Different strategies to solve similar problems often follow similar physical principles, hence, the morphology of attachment devices is affected by physical constraints. This resulted in two main types of attachment devices in animals: hairy and smooth. They differ in morphology and ultrastructure but achieve mechanical adaptation to substrates with different roughness and maximise the actual contact area with them. Species-specific environmental surface conditions resulted in different solutions for the specific ecological surroundings of different animals. As the conditions are similar in discrete environments unrelated to the group of animals, the micro- and nanostructural adaptations of the attachment systems of different animal groups reveal similar mechanisms. Consequently, similar attachment organs evolved in a convergent manner and different attachment solutions can occur within closely related lineages. In this review, we present a summary of the literature on structural and functional principles of attachment pads with a special focus on insects, describe micro- and nanostructures, surface patterns, origin of different pads and their evolution, discuss the material properties (elasticity, viscoelasticity, adhesion, friction) and basic physical forces contributing to adhesion, show the influence of different factors, such as substrate roughness and pad stiffness, on contact forces, and review the chemical composition of pad fluids, which is an important component of an adhesive function. Attachment systems are omnipresent in animals. We show parallel evolution of attachment structures on micro- and nanoscales at different phylogenetic levels, focus on insects as the largest animal group on earth, and subsequently zoom into the attachment pads of the stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) to explore convergent evolution of attachment pads at even smaller scales. Since convergent events might be potentially interesting for engineers as a kind of optimal solution by nature, the biomimetic implications of the discussed results are briefly presented.

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Scanning electron microscopy of legs of two species of sucking lice (Anoplura: Phthiraptera)

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Evolution of attachment structures in the highly diverse Acercaria (Hexapoda)

Evolution of attachment structures in the highly diverse Acercaria (Hexapoda)

Detailed morphological structure and phylogenetic relationships of Degeeriella punctifer (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), a parasite of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

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