Scanning electron microscopic investigations of particle size and particle size distribution of EPDM impact modifier in PP/EPDM blends

Karger‐Kocsis, J.; Kalló, A.; Кулезнев, В. Н.

doi:10.1002/actp.1981.010320912

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Bar 1 is the reference medium for EPDM rubber in PP. 23,24 Particle size PP/WF composite. The elongation at break is distributions were determined using an image greater for both composites with EPDM and analysis system for scanning electron microscopes EPDM-MA rubber (bar 3, 5) but decreases when (SemAfore, JEOL).…”

Section: Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and morphology of impact modified polypropylene-wood flour composites

Oksman

Clemons

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

403

263

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ABSTRACT:The mechanical properties and morphology of polypropylene/wood flour (PP/WF) composites with different impact modifiers and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a compatibilizer have been studied. Two different ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymers (EPDM) and one maleated styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS-MA) have been used as impact modifiers in the PP/WF systems. All three elastomers increased the impact strength of the PP/WF composites but the addition of maleated EPDM and SEBS gave the greatest improvements in impact strength. Addition of MAPP did not affect the impact properties of the composites but had a positive effect on the composite unnotched impact strength when used together with elastomers. Tensile tests showed that MAPP had a negative effect on the elongation at break and a positive effect on tensile strength. The impact modifiers were found to decrease the stiffness of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy showed that maleated EPDM and SEBS had a stronger affinity for the wood surfaces than did the unmodified EPDM. The maleated elastomers are, therefore, expected to form a flexible interphase around the wood particles giving the composites better impact strength. MAPP further enhanced adhesion between WF and impact-modified PP systems. EPDM and EPDM-MA rubber domains were homogeneously dispersed in the PP matrix, the diameter of domains being between 0.1-1 mm.

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Section: Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and morphology of impact modified polypropylene-wood flour composites

Oksman

Clemons

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

403

263

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“…Monitor amplitude AKi was calculated as follows: AK, = AF/(BW) ( a i ) " 2 f ( a i / W ) (2) where A F = F, , -F,,, is the applied constant load amplitude, B is the specimen thickness, W is the specimen width, a, = a + A a is the actual crack length and f(a,l W 1 is a geometrical relation from (191. The fracture mechanical characterization method followed the typical static K,-testing procedure at ambient temperature (19).…”

Section: Ct-specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that bundling of glass fibers in the LGF-composites can decrease the efficiency of the reinforcement that in turn can decrease the fracture performance. This bundling of the long glass fibers with increasing fiber content is suggested here as the cause for the anomalous fracture behavior of LGF-PP (2). For the other materials the da/dN vs. AG-results are presented schematically in Fig.…”

Section: Composite Fcp-response and Fracture Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…iscontinuous long fiber reinforced thermoplastics D for injection molding are a group of composites with high growth potential. This is mainly based on their superior impact strength compared with their short fiber analogs (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). On the other hand, blending of polymers is an established tool to influence the properties of a base polymer in the desired direction, e.g., to increase its toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatigue behavior of neat and long glass fiber (LGF) reinforced blends of nylon 66 and isotactic PP

Harmia

1996

Polymer Composites

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This paper focuses on the study of the fatigue behavior of neat and long glass fiber (LGF) reinforced nylon 66/PP‐blends. The fatigue was characterized using Parislaw plots in the stable crack growth acceleration range. The fatigue crack propagation (FCP) is presented as a function of the crack growth per cycle (da/dN), the amplitude of the stress intensity factor ΔK, and of the strain energy release rate ΔG. It was also of interest to compare the order of performance found in fatigue to that in the static fracture test. The fracture surfaces were characterized with SEM to determine the failure mechanisms. Further, thermographic camera recordings were used to study the size of a “heated” area (ΔT = 2°C) that developed around the crack tip during the cyclic loading of LGF‐PP with different amounts of maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MAH). For the neat materials, a different order of performance was detected under static and cyclic loading. This was explained by the different failure mechanisms observed after static and cyclic fracture that were related to different stress states of the specimens during the fracture process. On the other hand, the LGF‐blends showed a similar order of performance during the static and the fatigue test. This was explained by the observation that similar fiber related failure mechanisms occurred in the composite, both after failure caused by the static and cyclic loading, respectively. For the LGF‐PPs with varying PP‐g‐MAH content, the order of performance in fatigue did not correspond to the size of the “heated area” around the crack tip. This was caused by a change in the composite failure mechanisms, which contributed differently to the size of the “heated area” and to the fatigue performance.

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“…Particularly, blending of polyurethanes with rubber and specifically with nitrile rubber has attracted attention due to the possible synergistic performance owing to their polar characteristics. [9][10][11] However, the reported rubber/polyurethane blends have primarily been obtained by very high temperature melt-and/or time consuming solution-blending of nitrile rubber with either pre-synthesized polyurethane [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] or solid polyurethane precursors (polyol and blocked polyisocyanate) [19,20] or polyurethane synthesized in rubber solution. [21] In contrast to the conventional high temperature melt-and time consuming solution blending methods, a simple and effective reactive blending of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and in situ synthesized PUU is realized in this investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Blending of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and In situ Synthesized Thermoplastic Polyurethane‐Urea: Novel Preparation Method and Characterization

Tahir

Stöckelhuber

Mahmood

et al. 2014

Macro Materials & Eng

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Blends of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and in‐situ synthesized thermoplastic polyurethane‐urea (PUU) are prepared by a reactive blending method. The PUU is synthesized in‐situ from the polyaddition of 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate‐terminated prepolymer with Bisaniline‐M during blending with NBR in an internal mixer. The 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis shows up to 93% conversion of Bisaniline‐M to PUU in NBR/PUU blends. The incorporation of PUU improves the tensile characteristic, tear and abrasion resistance however a temperature dependent softening of amorphous PUU phase diminishes the dynamic‐mechanical behavior of blend vulcanizates. Improvement in physical properties of blends is attributed to good interfacial adhesion between dispersed PUU domains and continuous NBR matrix as seen by TEM.

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Scanning electron microscopic investigations of particle size and particle size distribution of EPDM impact modifier in PP/EPDM blends

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanical properties and morphology of impact modified polypropylene-wood flour composites

Mechanical properties and morphology of impact modified polypropylene-wood flour composites

Fatigue behavior of neat and long glass fiber (LGF) reinforced blends of nylon 66 and isotactic PP

Reactive Blending of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and In situ Synthesized Thermoplastic Polyurethane‐Urea: Novel Preparation Method and Characterization

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