Reactive Blending of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and In situ Synthesized Thermoplastic Polyurethane‐Urea: Novel Preparation Method and Characterization

Tahir, Muhammad; Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner; Mahmood, Nasir; Komber, Hartmut; Heinrich, Gert

doi:10.1002/mame.201400298

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In practice, the interfacial energy between the blend components can be reduced with interfacially active agents in the blends . The interfacial adhesion between blend components can be improved with compatibilizers, by incorporating a third component in a small amount, by reactive blending, or by phase or surface treatment with radiation, or by other means . We will summarize relevant aspects of the surface properties in a short overview.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enhance the blend properties, compatibility of the blend components must be improved. Several approaches are available to increase the interfacial adhesion of blend components, such as addition of compatibilizers, incorporating a third component at low dose level, reactive blending, and phase or surface treatment by radiation among others …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of surface properties and elastomeric behaviors of EPDM/EOC/PP thermoplastic vulcanizates with different octene contents

Uthaipan

Junhasavasdikul²,

Vennemann

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phase morphology, phase compatibility, and elastomeric properties of the ternary EPDM/EOC/PP TPVs were investigated, to determine the influence of octene comonomer content in the EOC molecules on these properties. Such effects are expected as the comonomer impacts the chemical interactions and the chain flexibility of EOC. Viscosity ratio and interfacial properties of the phases were determined, and later related to the morphological structure and the phase compatibility in the ternary TPVs. Increasing octene comonomer content in the EOC reduced surface and interfacial tensions in the TPVs, thereby improving the work of adhesion and the phase compatibility. The study also confirmed that the morphological structure of the TPVs had core-shell elastomer particles dispersed in a continuous PP matrix. Furthermore, elastomeric behavior of the TPVs with various octene contents in the EOC was also assessed. The results revealed improved stress relaxation with low molecular damping and with low permanent set when EOC with higher octene comonomer content was included. Therefore, in the present study the EOC as third component improved phase compatibility and strengthened elastomeric properties of the TPVs.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of surface properties and elastomeric behaviors of EPDM/EOC/PP thermoplastic vulcanizates with different octene contents

Uthaipan

Junhasavasdikul²,

Vennemann

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was composed of iPP and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubber (EPDM). Based on intensive research, the requirements for the optimal mechanical performance of TDVs were deduced, which can be summarized as follows [8,9,10]:the interfacial tension of the constituents is small,the crosslink density of the rubber phase is relatively high,the matrix polymer is semi-crystalline [11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incorporation of PU in NBR and hydrogenated NBR (HNBR) rubbers were also researched with the aim of enhancing the wear resistance of the rubber. This technique may have application potential in areas where elastic behavior and good wear resistance are simultaneously required [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic Dynamic Vulcanizates with In Situ Synthesized Segmented Polyurethane Matrix

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this paper was the detailed investigation of the properties of one-shot bulk polymerized thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) produced with different processing temperatures and the properties of thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizates (TDVs) made by utilizing such in situ synthetized TPUs as their matrix polymer. We combined TPUs and conventional crosslinked rubbers in order to create TDVs by dynamic vulcanization in an internal mixer. The rubber phase was based on three different rubber types: acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR), and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Our goal was to investigate the effect of different processing conditions and material combinations on the properties of the resulting TDVs with the opportunity of improving the interfacial connection between the two phases by chemically bonding the crosslinked rubber phase to the TPU matrix. Therefore, the matrix TPU was synthesized in situ during compounding from diisocyanate, diol, and polyol in parallel with the dynamic vulcanization of the rubber mixture. The mechanical properties were examined by tensile and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMTA) tests. The morphology of the resulting TDVs was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on these results, the initial temperature of 125 °C is the most suitable for the production of TDVs. Based on the atomic force micrographs, it can be assumed that phase separation occurred in the TPU matrix and we managed to evenly distribute the rubber phase in the TDVs. However, based on the SEM images, these dispersed rubber particles tended to agglomerate and form a quasi-continuous secondary phase where rubber particles were held together by secondary forces (dipole–dipole and hydrogen bonding) and can be broken up reversibly by heat and/or shear. In terms of mechanical properties, the TDVs we produced are on a par with commercially available TDVs with similar hardness.

show abstract

“…In the present study, we investigated a reactive blending method wherein the polyurethane-urea was synthesized from its monomeric/pre-polymeric precursors during a simple mechanical mixing with both polar and nonpolar rubbers and attempted to benefit from the fact that the opted blending procedure is intrinsically compatibilizing and a low temperature mixing process [23,24]. Amongst the selected rubbers, carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR) are of polar character due to the presence of acrylonitrile along with carboxylic and chloro moieties, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blending In Situ Polyurethane-Urea with Different Kinds of Rubber: Performance and Compatibility Aspects

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Specific physical and reactive compatibilization strategies are applied to enhance the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of heterogeneous polymer blends. Another pertinent challenge is the need of energy-intensive blending methods to blend high-tech polymers such as the blending of a pre-made hard polyurethane (-urea) with rubbers. We developed and investigated a reactive blending method to prepare the outstanding blends based on polyurethane-urea and rubbers at a low blending temperature and without any interfacial compatibilizing agent. In this study, the polyurethane-urea (PUU) was synthesized via the methylene diphenyl diisocyanate end-capped prepolymer and m-phenylene diamine based precursor route during blending at 100 °C with polar (carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR)) and non-polar (natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (sSBR), and ethylene propylene butadiene rubber (EPDM)) rubbers. We found that the in situ PUU reinforces the tensile response at low strain region and the dynamic-mechanical response up to 150 °C in the case of all used rubbers. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a stronger rubber/PUU interface, which promotes an effective stress transfer between the blend phases. Furthermore, energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) based elemental carbon map identifies an interphase region along the interface between the nitrile rubber and in situ PUU phases of this exemplary blend type.

show abstract

Reactive Blending of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and In situ Synthesized Thermoplastic Polyurethane‐Urea: Novel Preparation Method and Characterization

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Investigation of surface properties and elastomeric behaviors of EPDM/EOC/PP thermoplastic vulcanizates with different octene contents

Investigation of surface properties and elastomeric behaviors of EPDM/EOC/PP thermoplastic vulcanizates with different octene contents

Thermoplastic Dynamic Vulcanizates with In Situ Synthesized Segmented Polyurethane Matrix

Blending In Situ Polyurethane-Urea with Different Kinds of Rubber: Performance and Compatibility Aspects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About