Scanning electron microscope study of elastic fibers of the loose connective tissue (superficial fascia) in the rat

Imayama, Shuhei; Braverman, Irwin M.

doi:10.1002/ar.1092220202

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Their size and extension in the capsule closely resemble those of the aldehyde-fuchsin stained elastic fibers. Furthermore, the surface fine structures of the threads in the present study are almost the same as those of the branching or anastomosing elastic fibers in both the formic acid-treated arterial wall (Wasano and Yamamoto, 1983) and loose connective tissues (Imayama and Braverman, 1988). The granular structures on elastic fibers, which Inoue and his co-workers (1984) observed under SEM after mechanically tearing off the serous coat of the liver, were observed even after formic acid treatment in the paraformaldehyde-fixed materials reported by Ushiki (1992), but not in glutaraldehyde-fixed ones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of Fiber Arrangement in the Hepatic Capsule

Watanabe

Nishizono

1994

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: The arrangement of fibrous elements in the rat hepatic capsule was examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after alkaline or acid maceration of the serous coat, in conjunction with examination of the thin sections using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The elastic fibers appeared as thin threads in a densely meshed network, lying just beneath the serous coat. Their surface was granular with short rods in the materials fixed with paraformaldehyde. In contrast, the collagen fibers were observed as relatively thick threads, with fascicles of collagen fibrils that were uniform in size. These fascicles extended in various directions to form rough meshes that were traversed by small fascicles and anastomosed with each other.The fibrous branches of the elastic fibers extended on or into the underlying collagen fibers to be anchored, while the collagen fibers converged on many areas of the liver surface, and were transferred into the interlobular connective tissues.The findings of the present study thus suggest that the fiber arrangement plays an effective role in the mechanical protection of the fragile liver cells and delicate serous cells from pressure and friction damage by the neighboring abdominal organs and walls of the abdominal cavity due to the elastic mobility of the subserosal elastic network in addition to the possible slippery cushion of a serous layer on the serous cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of Fiber Arrangement in the Hepatic Capsule

Watanabe

Nishizono

1994

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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“…Studies of elastic fibers using animal models have typically used tissue sections of hairless mice, 22,28,29) but some methods of observing the 3-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibers in the skin have been reported. [30][31][32][33][34] Tsuji et al examined skin samples consisting of elastic fibers alone using SEM, [30][31][32] and observed that the shape and arrangement of elastic fibers in human skin becomes more complicated with aging. Imayama and Braverman perfused and fixed rat hind limbs, then digested the skin with formic acid, and observed the elastic fibers and blood vessels in the skin by SEM in a state similar to that found in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imayama and Braverman perfused and fixed rat hind limbs, then digested the skin with formic acid, and observed the elastic fibers and blood vessels in the skin by SEM in a state similar to that found in vivo. 33) They found losses in the linearity of dermal elastic fibers in the rat skin with aging, 34) and they speculated that curling of elastic fibers reduces skin elasticity, which results in wrinkle formation. Therefore, in earlier studies, we irradiated the hind limb skin of 3-week-old rats with UVB at a suberythemal dose, 3 times a week for 6 weeks (using Imayama's method) and we observed losses in the linearity of dermal elastic fibers and decreases in skin elasticity, which were similar to the changes observed with aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of an Extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on Ultraviolet-B-Induced Photodamage of Rat Skin.

Tsukahara

Moriwaki

Fujimura

2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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We recently reported that short-term chronic Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation of rat hind limb skin at a suberythemal dose reduces skin elasticity and decreases the linearity of dermal elastic fibers which induces wrinkle formation.1,2) In order to clarify the 3-dimensional structure of elastic fibers after improvement of wrinkles, skin with UVB-induced wrinkles was treated topically with all-trans retinoic acid 3) or with a CO 2 laser, 4) which are widely used for treating wrinkles, and improvement in wrinkles and skin elasticity and recovery of dermal elastic fibers was observed. Subsequently, to evaluate the cause of elastic fiber curling, we noted that elastase is activated by UVB irradiation. Elastic fibers have been reported to be digested by serine proteinase in infiltrating cells that migrate after UVB irradiation, [5][6][7][8] by MMP-12 derived from macrophages, 9,10) and by elastase produced by fibroblasts.11,12) Chatterjee et al. reported an increase in elastase activity after chronic UVB irradiation at a suberythemal dose in the skin of hairless mice.13) Therefore, we evaluated elastase activity in rat hind limb skin after chronic UVB irradiation at a suberythemal dose and observed no increase in neutrophil elastase activity but a significant increase in phosphoramidon-sensitive metalloprotease activity.14,15) Those findings suggested that the UVB-induced wrinkle formation and the increase in skin elasticity could be inhibited, and that curling of dermal elastic fibers could be avoided, by inhibiting the increase in metalloprotease activity. We synthesized a chemical compound (N-phenetyl-Leucyl-Tryptophane; NPLT) that specifically inhibits fibroblast-derived elastase which is in the metalloprotease family, 12,16) and we applied this agent topically to rat hind limb skin immediately after UVB irradiation and 1 d later. No increase in elastase activity was observed in the NPLT treated UVB irradiated skin, curling of elastic fibers did not occur, and the treated skin maintained elasticity, all of which resulted in significant decreases in wrinkle formation. 14,15) Screening of 480 types of plant extracts showed high inhibitory activities against fibroblast-derived elastase by extracts of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and the Zingiber officinale (L.) ROSE (about 72% and 45% inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 1% (v/v)).17) The extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. has also been reported to have inhibitory activity in vitro against neutrophil elastase 18) and hyaluronidase 19) and to have an anti-oxidation action. 20) However, 3-dimensional changes elicited in dermal elastic fibers after application of this extract to UVB-irradiated rat skin have never been characterized. If the extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. inhibits fibroblast-derived elastase activity, even if it is not specific, this extract may be useful for maintaining the linearity of dermal elastic fibers during and after UVB irradiation. Therefore, we have now evaluated the inhibitory effects of this extract on the curling of derma...

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“…22 Morphologically, the tortuously fixed elastic fibres imply a loss of both their original elasticity and the ability to restore their shorter and straighter forms. 23 However, little is known about the mechanisms leading to elastin accumulation in photoaged skin. Bernstein et al have demonstrated increased elastin mRNA levels in photoaged skin, as well as increased elastin and fibrillin (the fibrillar component of elastic fibres) mRNAs in skin explant-derived fibroblasts using northern hybridizations, compared with controls from sun-protected sites of the same individual.…”

Section: Elastins In Photoageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal connective tissue metabolism in photoageing

Ishikawa

1998

Aust J Dermatology

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The term photoageing describes the clinical and histological cutaneous changes that are the consequence of repeated chronic sun exposures and are qualitatively different from those observed in chronological ageing. The connective tissue of the skin is composed mainly of collagen, glycosaminoglycans and elastin and, thus, alterations of these components in photoageing are briefly reviewed in the present article. Collagen changes in photoageing are partly explained by cross-links as well as the unbalanced regulation of collagen production and breakdown. Some visible skin changes can be induced by the consequence of dermal glycosaminoglycans, because the total amount, as well as the composition of the main disaccharide units, is significantly altered in the exposed sites of both aged people and photoaged mice. As for the mechanism of solar elastosis, increased elastin mRNA levels resulting from transcriptional up-regulation of the gene have been reported. Taken together, all components of the dermal connective tissue are affected by chronic actinic damage; however, further in vitro investigation is required to unmask the exact events in photoageing. With regard to this, our novel three-dimensional culture system should be of great help because it mimics the in vivo condition by self producing the extracellular matrices.

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Scanning electron microscope study of elastic fibers of the loose connective tissue (superficial fascia) in the rat

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of Fiber Arrangement in the Hepatic Capsule

A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of Fiber Arrangement in the Hepatic Capsule

Inhibitory Effect of an Extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on Ultraviolet-B-Induced Photodamage of Rat Skin.

Dermal connective tissue metabolism in photoageing

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