Scaling Theory of Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Dobrynin, Andrey V.; Colby, Ralph H.; Rubinstein, Michael

doi:10.1021/ma00110a021

Cited by 878 publications

(1,632 citation statements)

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“…Mobility reduction or viscosity behavior of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polyelectrolyte solutions plays an important role in such applications. The properties of polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions have been widely investigated in the past decade [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Oil production has three different stages: primary (production by natural reservoir energy), secondary (on the supply of external energy into the reservoir in the form of injecting fluids to increase reservoir pressure) and tertiary production (enhanced oil recovery methods increase the mobility of the oil in order to increase production).…”

Section: Enhanced Oil Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on applications of nanotechnology in the enhanced oil recovery part B: effects of nanoparticles on flooding

2015

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Chemical flooding is of increasing interest and importance due to high oil prices and the need to increase oil production. Research in nanotechnology in the petroleum industry is advancing rapidly, and an enormous progress in the application of nanotechnology in this area is to be expected. The nanotechnology has been widely used in several other industries, and the interest in the oil industry is increasing. Nanotechnology has the potential to profoundly change enhanced oil recovery and to improve mechanism of recovery, and it is chosen as an alternative method to unlock the remaining oil resources and applied as a new enhanced oil recovery method in last decade. This paper therefore focuses on the reviews of the application of nanotechnology in chemical flooding process in oil recovery and reviews the applications of nanomaterials for improving oil recovery that have been proposed to explain oil displacement by polymer flooding within oil reservoirs, and also this paper highlights the research advances of polymer in oil recovery. Nanochemical flooding is an immature method from an application point of view.

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Section: Enhanced Oil Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on applications of nanotechnology in the enhanced oil recovery part B: effects of nanoparticles on flooding

2015

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“…The concentration dependence of the number of monomers in a correlation volume 3 can be obtained by imposing the closepacking condition for chain sections of size , c ≈ g / 3 . The correlation length of semidilute polyelectrolyte solution is estimated as 2,8,9,12 This leads to the same concentration dependence of the number of monomers within a correlation volume…”

Section: Dilute Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, according to the scaling model, a chain in the semidilute salt-free polyelectrolyte solution is a random walk of correlation blobs with size 2,8,9,12 Similar scaling arguments can be applied to describe polymer dynamics. The motion of different chain sections inside the correlation blob are strongly hydrodynamically coupled just as in dilute solutions, leading to the Zimm relaxation time of the correlation blob to be proportional to its volume τ Z ≈ τ 0 3 (up to logarithmic corrections).…”

Section: Dilute Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rouse Dynamics of Polyelectrolyte Solutions: Molecular Dynamics Study

et al. 2007

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We performed molecular dynamics simulations of dilute and semidilute polyelectrolyte solutions without hydrodynamic interactions to study Rouse dynamics of polyelectrolytes. Polyelectrolyte solutions are modeled by an ensemble of bead-spring chains of charged Lennard-Jones particles with explicit counterions. The simulations were performed for partially and fully charged polymers with the number of monomers N ) 25-373. We show that the simulations of the Rouse dynamics give qualitatively similar results to the experimentally observed dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions. Our simulations showed that the chain relaxation time depends nonmonotonically on polymer concentration. In dilute solutions, this relaxation time exhibits very strong dependence on the chain degree of polymerization, τ ∼ N 3 . The chain relaxation time decreases with increasing polymer concentration of dilute solutions. This decrease in the chain relaxation time is due to chain contraction induced by counterion condensation. In the semidilute solution regime the chain relaxation time decreases with polymer concentration as c -1/2 . In this concentration range the chain relaxation time follows the usual Rouse scaling dependence on the chain degree of polymerization, τ ∼ N 2 . At high polymer concentrations the chain relaxation time begins to increase with increasing polymer concentration. The crossover polymer concentration to the new scaling regime does not depend on the chain degree of polymerization, indicating that the increase in the chain relaxation time is due to the increase of the effective monomeric friction coefficient. The analysis of the spectrum and of the relaxation times of Rouse modes confirms the existence of the single correlation length , which describes both static and dynamic properties of semidilute solutions.

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“…1,6 Due to their zwitterionic character, PZs exhibit markedly different behavior from PEs in aqueous solution. 4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In dilute, salt-free aqueous solutions, PEs adopt extended conformations and possess large hydrodynamic volumes due to the electrostatic repulsions of the like charges along the polymer chain; 13 as a result, PE solutions in fresh water tend to maintain high viscosities. However, PEs usually exhibit decreases in hydrodynamic volume and solution viscosity upon the addition of low molecular weight electrolytes (i.e.…”

Section: Introduction Smfp Type II Polymers ("Smart" Mobility Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Smart" Multifunctional Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery

McCormick¹,

Lowe²

2007

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Recent recommendations made by the Department of Energy, in conjunction with ongoing research at the University of Southern Mississippi, have signified a need for the development of "smart" multi-functional polymers (SMFPs) for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes. Herein we summarize research from the period of September 2003 through March 2007 focusing on both Type I and Type II SMFPs. We have demonstrated the synthesis and behavior of materials that can respond in situ to stimuli (ionic strength, pH, temperature, and shear stress). In particular, Type I SMFPs reversibly form micelles in water and have the potential to be utilized in applications that serve to lower interfacial tension at the oil/water interface, resulting in emulsification of oil. Type II SMFPs, which consist of high molecular weight polymers, have been synthesized and have prospective applications related to the modification of fluid viscosity during the recovery process. Through the utilization of these advanced "smart" polymers, the ability to recover more of the original oil in place and a larger portion of that by-passed or deemed "unrecoverable" by conventional chemical flooding should be possible. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYA coordinated, fundamental research program is underway in our laboratories with the ultimate goal of developing "smart" multi-functional polymers (SMFPs) that can respond in situ to stimuli (ionic strength, pH, temperature, and shear stress) resulting in significantly improved sweep efficiency in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes. With these technologically "smart" polymers, it should be possible to produce more of the original oil in place and a larger portion of that by-passed or deemed "unrecoverable" by conventional chemical flooding. The specific objectives of this project are: a) to utilize recent break-through discoveries in the Polymer Science Laboratories at the University of Southern Mississippi to tailor polymers with the requisite structures and b) to evaluate the behavioral characteristics and performance of these multifunctional polymers under environmental conditions encountered in the petroleum reservoir. Two structural types of SMFPs are targeted that can work alone or in a concerted fashion in water-flooding processes. Type I SMFPs can reversibly form micelles, termed "polysoaps", in water that serve to lower interfacial tension at the oil/water interface, resulting in emulsification of oil. Type II SMFPs are high molecular weight polymers designed to alter fluid viscosity during the recovery process.Critical to the desired performance of these conceptual systems is the precise incorporation of selected functional monomers along the macromolecular backbone to serve as sensors or triggers activated by changes of the surrounding fluid environment. The placement of hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and triggerable monomers is accomplished by controlled free radical polymerization utilizing aqueous Reversible AdditionFragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization, a technique under intensive developme...

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Scaling Theory of Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Cited by 878 publications

References 35 publications

A review on applications of nanotechnology in the enhanced oil recovery part B: effects of nanoparticles on flooding

A review on applications of nanotechnology in the enhanced oil recovery part B: effects of nanoparticles on flooding

Rouse Dynamics of Polyelectrolyte Solutions: Molecular Dynamics Study

"Smart" Multifunctional Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery

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