Scaling of natural circulation loop operation modes

A thermal network model for hydrocarbon heat pump systems: A coupling analysis of configuration, working condition, and refrigeration distribution

“…A combination of system-level analysis and high level of detail for heat exchangers was implemented through a complex thermal-fluid network construction. In various areas, such as building structures [47], solid desiccant [48], thermosyphon [49], and heat pipes [50], R-C network models have been widely used. In the case of HP, additional problems were found in the application.…”