Scale and forms of domestic violence against schoolchildren in rural, rural-urban and urban areas

Abstract

Introduction.In 2017, the third cyclical study on the scale of domestic violence against schoolchildren and youth in one of the rural communes of the Western Pomerania (Poland) was carried out. The study took into account five forms of violence: mental, physical, neglect, economic and sexual. The previous two editions of the study covered urban-rural (2016) and urban communities (2015). Materials and method. The research concept was implemented by means of the representative research method, using an auditing questionnaire interview technique, based on a research tool developed on the basis of a number of previous qualitative research and quantitative tests to measure the social scale of domestic violence. Results. Domestic violence against minors reaches 48.2% in the rural area under study, 51.8% in the urban-rural area and 65.5% in the urban area. In all types of areas, the most frequent form of violence was psychological violence, it affects 42.4% of children in rural communitys, 51.3% in urban-rural and 60.5% in urban municipalities. In reference to other, less frequent forms of violence, there was also a difference in scale according to the area type. Conclusions. The incidence of individual forms of domestic violence varied depending on the type of area: Psychological violence: rural areas -42.4%, urban-rural -51.3%, urban areas -60.5%; Neglect: rural areas -21.1%, urban-rural -13.5%, urban areas -22.3%; Physical violence: rural areas -17.1%, urban-rural -20.7%, urban areas -29.4%; Economic violence: rural areas -12.6%, urban-rural -19.2%, urban areas -29.3%; Sexual violence: rural areas -3.2%, urban-rural -3.6%, urban areas -8.1%.

Cross-sectional survey of underreported violence experienced by adolescents: a study from Indonesia

“…Although Table 3 implies that physical violence was more prevalent among female respondents, the comparison test showed no significant difference between male and female adolescent victims ( p > 0.05). This outcome is different from a previous study that signalled a higher prevalence of physical violence among males, which suggests a greater social tolerance for physical violence among men [ 43 ]. We do not think this finding alone can prove that the cities and municipalities in this study have gender inequitable societies, since this would require further investigation [ 41 ].…”

“…In addition, the share of respondents who experienced physical violence in municipalities was higher than that in cities. This is in line with research in Ethiopia, but different from studies in other sub-Saharan countries and in Poland, which demonstrated a greater likelihood of urban adolescents engaging in violence than those in rural areas [ 41 – 43 ]. The suggestion from a previous study [ 13 ] that the prevalence of physical violence declines with age among adolescents is also supported by our results; we found that respondents in middle school (45.3%) experienced more physical violence than those in high school (32.9%).…”

Correlates of Lifetime Physical Abuse Among Schoolchildren Aged 15 Years in Post-communist Albania

“…A fairly recent report based on three consecutive surveys conducted in Poland, another post-communist country in Central Europe, estimated the prevalence of physical violence among schoolchildren as follows: in rural areas 17.1%; in urban-rural areas 20.7%; in urban areas 29.4% ( 19 ). More specifically, acts of physical violence expressed in the form of single or repeated slapping with the hand and/or kicking, and the like, were reported by 11.3% of respondents from the rural community (2017 survey); in the urban-rural community it was 19.7% (2016 survey); whereas in the urban community it was 24.2% (2015 survey) ( 19 ). In our study, we did not observe any significant urban-rural differences.…”

Domestic Violence Victimization Risk Assessment in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

“…Although found in all three communities, negligence had a greater impact on the urban community due to the perpetration of behaviors associated with ignoring feelings and emotions, a lack of concern for the problems of children and adolescents, and the underestimation of children's illnesses. Finally, economic violence and sexual assault were perpetrated in all three types of communities (Terelak et al 2019).…”

“…This climate of violence, concentrated in the family nucleus, affected around 14% of the rural, 12% of the urban-rural and 24% of the urban community. Psychological violence was predominant; physical violence was the second most common in the urban-rural community and the third most common in the urban community (Terelak et al 2019).…”