Scalar Properties in Animal Timing: Conformity and Violations

Wearden, J. H.; Lejeune, Helga

doi:10.1080/17470210600784649

Cited by 167 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Research on prospective timing has shown that prospective duration memory is systematically less precise for longer durations [33,34]. This so-called scalar property is apparent when subjects are asked to make estimates about durations encoded into memory.…”

Section: Cognitive Processes That Underlie Prospective Duration Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective and retrospective duration memory in the hippocampus: is time in the foreground or background?

MacDonald

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Psychologists have long distinguished between prospective and retrospective timing to highlight the difference between our sense of duration during an experience in passing and our sense of duration in hindsight. Humans and other animals use prospective timing in the seconds-to-minutes range in order to learn durations, and can organize their behaviour based upon this knowledge when they know that duration information will be important ahead of time. By contrast, when durations are estimated after the fact, thus precluding the subject from consciously attending to temporal information, duration information must be extracted from other memory representations. The accumulated evidence from prospective timing research has generally led to the hippocampus (HPC) being casted in a supporting role with prefrontalstriatal, cortical or cerebellar circuits playing the lead. Here, I review findings from the animal and human literature that have led to this conclusion and consider that the contribution of the HPC to duration memory is understated because we have little understanding about how we remember duration.

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Section: Cognitive Processes That Underlie Prospective Duration Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective and retrospective duration memory in the hippocampus: is time in the foreground or background?

MacDonald

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Although SET predicts that the CV should be constant over time (Lejeune & Wearden, 2006)-a prediction that holds with nonmusicians in both mediator and nonmediator conditions-the CV of musicians decreased with interval length. also reported a violation of the simple Weber's law in a counting condition but reported no specific musical abilities of their subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pacemaker-counter model currently most popular, scalar expectancy theory (SET; Gibbon, 1991Gibbon, , 1992Gibbon, Church, & Meck, 1984;Lejeune & Wearden, 2006), recognizes that the standard deviation (SD) of estimates typically increases as a linear function of the magnitude of the duration to be judged, a property known in psychophysics as Weber's law and in SET as the scalar property of timing. According to Weber's law, the Weber fraction (w) is invariant over the magnitude of the stimuli discriminated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking time with song and count: Different Weber functions for musicians and nonmusicians

Grondin

Killeen

2009

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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Participants reproduced target intervals of 6-24 sec with finger taps, with target intervals presented before each of 30 reproductions. During the presentation of the target and reproduction, nonmusician participants were asked to count, sing, or do nothing. In another part of the experiment, musicians were asked to count or sing. Segmentation, either by song or count, minimized deviations from targets and reduced the coefficient of variation (CV) to one third of the nonmusicians' CVs in the no-segmentation condition. The mean deviation from target was significantly lower for musicians than for nonmusicians, as were the musicians' CVs (half the value of the nonmusicians). Most importantly, although the CV of nonmusicians was invariant over the range of intervals conforming to a strict scalar property, it decreased significantly for musicians as target intervals increased.

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“…Long-FI response gradients There are two characteristic properties of responding in simple FI schedules: scalar timing and scalar variance (Lejeune & Wearden, 2006). With scalar timing, the center of the response gradient is proportional to the duration of the interval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is timed in a fixed-interval temporal bisection procedure?

2016

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Recent research on interval timing in the behavioral and neurological sciences has employed a concurrent fixedinterval (FI) procedure first reported by Platt and Davis (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 160-170, 1983). Studies employing the task typically assess just 1 dependent variable, the switch/bisection point; however, multiple measures of timing are available in the procedure and it is unclear (a) what is timed (i.e., learned) by subjects and (b) what other measures might tell us about timing in the task and generally. The main objective of the current experiment was to utilize multiple dependent measures of timing accuracy and precision derived from the task to assess whether the 2 FIs are timed independently or if timing 1 FI interferes with timing the other, and vice versa. Four pigeons were exposed to an FI temporal bisection procedure with parametric manipulations across two phases. In the constant phase, the short FI was always the same; the long FI was 2 to 16 times the short FI and changed across conditions. In the proportional phase, the long FI was always 4 times the duration of the short FI. Across both phases, pigeon mean bisection points were near the geometric mean of the 2 FIs.Coefficients of variance increased as the durations to be timed increased. Results suggested pigeons' timing of the short FI was affected by the presence of the long FI, and vice versa. The FI temporal bisection task offers multiple dependent variables for analysis and is well suited for studying temporal learning and decision making.

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Scalar Properties in Animal Timing: Conformity and Violations

Cited by 167 publications

References 146 publications

Prospective and retrospective duration memory in the hippocampus: is time in the foreground or background?

Prospective and retrospective duration memory in the hippocampus: is time in the foreground or background?

Tracking time with song and count: Different Weber functions for musicians and nonmusicians

What is timed in a fixed-interval temporal bisection procedure?

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