Scalable one-step synthesis of N,S co-doped graphene-enhanced hierarchical porous carbon foam for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors

Ma, Liya; Liu, Jin; Lv, Shunzeng; Zhou, Qin; Shen, Xinyu; Mo, Shaobo; Tong, Hua

doi:10.1039/c9ta00038k

Cited by 106 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A broader account of the synthesis of doped nanocarbons can be found elsewhere. [45,73,[98][99][100][101] In general, the heteroatom functionalization and doping are carried out using the following two strategies (Figure 4). a) Heteroatom-introducing strategy where heteroatoms are introduced into carbon matrix by post-treatment of the already formed carbon structures, including chemical activation, heat treatment under relevant atmosphere, microwave irradiation, plasma functionalization, etc.…”

Section: The Limited Density Of States At the Fermi Level (Dos(e F ))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Ghosh

Barg

Jeong

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

434

237

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Electrochemical capacitors (best known as supercapacitors) are high‐performance energy storage devices featuring higher capacity than conventional capacitors and higher power densities than batteries, and are among the key enabling technologies of the clean energy future. This review focuses on performance enhancement of carbon‐based supercapacitors by doping other elements (heteroatoms) into the nanostructured carbon electrodes. The nanocarbon materials currently exist in all dimensionalities (from 0D quantum dots to 3D bulk materials) and show good stability and other properties in diverse electrode architectures. However, relatively low energy density and high manufacturing cost impede widespread commercial applications of nanocarbon‐based supercapacitors. Heteroatom doping into the carbon matrix is one of the most promising and versatile ways to enhance the device performance, yet the mechanisms of the doping effects still remain poorly understood. Here the effects of heteroatom doping by boron, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, silicon, and functionalizing with oxygen on the elemental composition, structure, property, and performance relationships of nanocarbon electrodes are critically examined. The limitations of doping approaches are further discussed and guidelines for reporting the performance of heteroatom doped nanocarbon electrode‐based electrochemical capacitors are proposed. The current challenges and promising future directions for clean energy applications are discussed as well.

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Section: The Limited Density Of States At the Fermi Level (Dos(e F ))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Ghosh

Barg

Jeong

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

434

237

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“…While EDX elemental analysis results show that the pore‐engineering does not change the abundances of N and S significantly, we further probed their detailed configurations by high‐resolution N1s and S2p X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Figure a shows that the N1s spectra of the carbon materials can be deconvoluted into four different peaks at 398.4, 400.5, 401.5, and 403.7 eV, which can be assigned to pyridinic‐, pyrrolic‐, graphitic‐, and oxidized‐N species, respectively (as illustrated in Figure c) . Further, the S2p spectra in Figure b can be split into two peaks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Figure 4a shows that the N1s spectra of the carbon materials can be deconvoluted into four different peaks at 398.4, 400.5, 401.5, and 403.7 eV, which can be assigned to pyridinic-, pyrrolic-, graphitic-, and oxidized-N species, respectively (as illustrated in Figure 4c). [18] Further, the S2p spectra in Figure 4b can be split into two peaks. The peaks at 163.9 and 165.2 eV can be assigned to S2p 3/2 and S2p 1/2 of SÀ C bonds (as illustrated in Figure 4c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dual‐Template Pore Engineering of Whey Powder‐Derived Carbon as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for Primary Zinc‐Air Battery

Yan

Liu

et al. 2020

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) are needed for many energy storage and conversion devices. Here, we demonstrate that whey powder, a major by-product in the dairy industry, can be used as a sustainable precursor to produce heteroatom doped carbon electrocatalysts for ORR. Rich N and S compounds in whey powders can generate abundant catalytic active sites. However, these sites are not easily accessible by reactants of ORR. A dual-template method was used to create a hierarchically and interconnected porous structure with micropores created by ZnCl 2 and large mesopores generated by fumed SiO 2 particles. At the optimum mass ratio of whey power: ZnCl 2 : SiO 2 at 1 : 3 : 0.8, the resulting carbon material has a large specific surface area close to 2000 m 2 g À 1 , containing 4.6 at.% of N with 39.7% as pyridinic N. This carbon material shows superior electrocatalytic activity for ORR, with an electron transfer number of 3.88 and a large kinetic limiting current density of 45.40 mA cm À 2. They were employed as ORR catalysts to assemble primary zinc-air batteries, which deliver a power density of 84.1 mW cm À 2 and a specific capacity of 779.5 mAh g À 1 , outperforming batteries constructed using a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Our findings open new opportunities to use an abundant biomaterial, whey powder, to create high-value-added carbon electrocatalysts for emerging energy applications.

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“…45 It has been reported that N-(pyridinic-and pyrrolic-N) and S-containing (sulfone and sulfoxide) species are assumed to be the main con¯gurations contributing the enhanced pseudocapacitance by Faradaic reactions, whereas quaternary-N can improve the electrical conductivity of carbon materials. 36,46 Additionally, the introduction of nitrogen atoms into carbon lattice can change the electron distribution of carbon material, resulting to a signi¯cant increase of active surface area accessible to the electrolyte. 46,47 The XPS analysis further con¯rms the successful doping of N and S, which could enhance the wettability and electrochemical activity of the N-S-HPC as well as providing extra pseudocapacitance contribution.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36,46 Additionally, the introduction of nitrogen atoms into carbon lattice can change the electron distribution of carbon material, resulting to a signi¯cant increase of active surface area accessible to the electrolyte. 46,47 The XPS analysis further con¯rms the successful doping of N and S, which could enhance the wettability and electrochemical activity of the N-S-HPC as well as providing extra pseudocapacitance contribution. 48 The high doping content of both N and S elements also suggests that the use of thiourea as the dopant is e±cient and cost-saving.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Biomass-Derived N, S Co-doped Carbon with Hierarchically Porous Architecture for High Performance Supercapacitor

Jiang

Gao

et al. 2020

NANO

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Multi-element doped porous carbon materials are considered as one of the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their large specific surface area, abundant mesoporous structure, heteroatom doping and good conductivity. Herein, we propose a very simple and effective strategy to prepare nitrogen, sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous carbons (N-S-HPC) by one-step pyrolysis strategy. The effect of sole dopants as a precursor was a major factor in the transformation process. The optimized N-S-HPC-2 possesses a typical hierarchically porous framework (micropores, mesopores and macropores) with a large specific surface area (1284.87[Formula: see text]m2 g[Formula: see text] and N (4.63 atomic %), S (0.53 atomic %) doping. As a result, the N-S-HPC-2 exhibits excellent charge storage capacity with a high gravimetric capacitance of 360[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] (1 [Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text] in three-electrode systems and 178[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] in two-electrode system and long-term cycling life with 87% retention after 10,000 cycles in KOH electrolyte.

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Scalable one-step synthesis of N,S co-doped graphene-enhanced hierarchical porous carbon foam for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors

Abstract: N,S co-doped graphene-enhanced HPC is prepared by a facile one-step method, and exhibits superior electrochemical performances as a solid-state supercapacitor electrode.

Cited by 106 publications

References 60 publications

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Dual‐Template Pore Engineering of Whey Powder‐Derived Carbon as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for Primary Zinc‐Air Battery

Fabrication of Biomass-Derived N, S Co-doped Carbon with Hierarchically Porous Architecture for High Performance Supercapacitor

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