Fabrication of Biomass-Derived N, S Co-doped Carbon with Hierarchically Porous Architecture for High Performance Supercapacitor

Abstract

Multi-element doped porous carbon materials are considered as one of the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their large specific surface area, abundant mesoporous structure, heteroatom doping and good conductivity. Herein, we propose a very simple and effective strategy to prepare nitrogen, sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous carbons (N-S-HPC) by one-step pyrolysis strategy. The effect of sole dopants as a precursor was a major factor in the transformation process. The optimized N-S-HPC-2 possesses a typical hierarchically porous framework (micropores, mesopores and macropores) with a large specific surface area (1284.87[Formula: see text]m2 g[Formula: see text] and N (4.63 atomic %), S (0.53 atomic %) doping. As a result, the N-S-HPC-2 exhibits excellent charge storage capacity with a high gravimetric capacitance of 360[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] (1 [Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text] in three-electrode systems and 178[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] in two-electrode system and long-term cycling life with 87% retention after 10,000 cycles in KOH electrolyte.

N-, P-, and Ni-Co-doped Porous Carbon from Poplar Powder and Graphene Oxide Composites as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

“…An increase in current densities accompanied by a decrease in charge and discharge time meant that the time for ion diffusion was shortened, which led to a decrease in specific capacitance. Table illustrates the specific capacitance values of the same type of material reported in the previous studies, which intuitively reflected the advantage of ACG-N-P-Ni. ,,− The CV test for 3000 cycles performed for cycling stability of ACG-N-P-Ni under scanning conditions of 20 mV s –1 was investigated. Figure g reveals the curves of the sample at the 1st and 3000th laps.…”

“…It could be seen in the Ragone diagram shown in Figure 7c that ACG-N-P-Ni//ACG-N-P-Ni provided excellent energy as well as power density (density of energy of 12.32 W h kg −1 with a density of power of 499.99 W kg −1 ) significantly better than previously reported supercapacitors. 4,20,49,51,52 Following 5000 charge−discharge cycling, the supercapacitor exhibited a high capacitance retention rate at 86.1% in Figure 7d, which demonstrated its remarkable cycling stability.…”

Nitrogen-/Boron-Doped Carbon from Poplar Powder and Carbon Nanotube Composite as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

“…33 In the Raman spectrum (Figure 3b), D peaks (defects and disordered parts of the carbon structure) close to 1350 cm −1 were identified as well as G peaks (ordered crystal structure, that is, the degree of graphitization) around 1575 cm −1 . 34 The ratio of D peak to G peak (I D /I G ) has been commonly adopted to show the degree of graphitization of a material. The I D /I G ratios of AMT, AMT-Fe, AMT-B, and AMT-B-Fe reached 0.79, 0.85, 0.87, and 0.90, respectively, which indicated that the doping of B and Fe made the material produce a defect structure, thereby agreeing with the XRD test results.…”

“…In the Raman spectrum (Figure b), D peaks (defects and disordered parts of the carbon structure) close to 1350 cm –1 were identified as well as G peaks (ordered crystal structure, that is, the degree of graphitization) around 1575 cm –1 . The ratio of D peak to G peak ( I D / I G ) has been commonly adopted to show the degree of graphitization of a material.…”