Scalable graphene field-effect sensors for specific protein detection

Saltzgaber, Grant William; Wojcik, Peter M.; Sharf, Tal; Leyden, Matthew R.; Wardini, Jenna L.; Heist, Christopher A.; Adenuga, Adeniyi Abiodun; Remcho, Vincent T.; Minot, Ethan D.

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/35/355502

Cited by 60 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although the mobility is lower than the best reported mobility of CVD grown graphene 29 , it is comparable with the devices fabricated via the modified-RCA cleaning method 11 . Though methods are well established for growing graphene over large length scale by CVD 8,9 , most devices have been limited to micrometer lengths 5,6 . In order to explore the possibility of large-area device fabrication for improved (bio) sensing, where a shift in Dirac peak gate voltage is monitored, FETs were made using the transfer method described above while scaling-up the graphene channel length from 50 m to several millimeters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfer printing of CVD graphene FETs on patterned substrates

et al. 2015

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We describe a simple and scalable method for the transfer of CVD graphene for the fabrication of field effect transistors. This is a dry process that uses a modified RCAcleaning step to improve the surface quality. In contrast to conventional fabrication routes where lithographic steps are performed after the transfer, here graphene is transferred to a pre-patterned substrate. The resulting FET devices display nearly zero Dirac voltage, and the contact resistance between the graphene and metal contacts is on the order of 910 ± 340 Ω µm. This approach enables formation of conducting graphene channel lengths up to one millimeter. The resist-free transfer process provides a clean graphene surface that is promising for use in high sensitivity graphene FET biosensors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These characteristics limit the sensitivity of graphene-based sensors [2][3][4][5][6][7] . Thus it was seen to be desirable when devising high sensitivity graphene sensors to develop a "resist-free" approach for both the graphene transfer and post transfer processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer printing of CVD graphene FETs on patterned substrates

et al. 2015

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“…By far, graphene has been employed in various biosensing platforms827 for detection of glucose28, nitric oxide29, DNA303132, biomarkers33, bacteria34, pathogens27 and nervous system35. Such a large number of studies successfully demonstrated a wide-range application of 2D biosensors with low detection limit, and a few further illustrated their capabilities in quantifying kinetics and affinity of protein-ligand binding363738. However, the quantitative determination of DNA–DNA or DNA–RNA hybridization kinetics have not yet been achieved due to controllability and reproducibility across different devices and fabrication batches.…”

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confidence: 99%

Real-time reliable determination of binding kinetics of DNA hybridization using a multi-channel graphene biosensor

et al. 2017

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Reliable determination of binding kinetics and affinity of DNA hybridization and single-base mismatches plays an essential role in systems biology, personalized and precision medicine. The standard tools are optical-based sensors that are difficult to operate in low cost and to miniaturize for high-throughput measurement. Biosensors based on nanowire field-effect transistors have been developed, but reliable and cost-effective fabrication remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that a graphene single-crystal domain patterned into multiple channels can measure time- and concentration-dependent DNA hybridization kinetics and affinity reliably and sensitively, with a detection limit of 10 pM for DNA. It can distinguish single-base mutations quantitatively in real time. An analytical model is developed to estimate probe density, efficiency of hybridization and the maximum sensor response. The results suggest a promising future for cost-effective, high-throughput screening of drug candidates, genetic variations and disease biomarkers by using an integrated, miniaturized, all-electrical multiplexed, graphene-based DNA array.

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“…, immunoglobulins), where selectivity was enabled through antibody-antigen [62,63,64,65] or protein-aptamer [66,67,68,69] binding at the graphene interface. Moreover, the probe biomolecules (e.g., antibodies, aptamers, ssDNAs) may be labeled on the surface of chemically modified graphene via (i) chemical linkers [65,67,70]; or (ii) conjugation with NPs adsorbed on its surface [63,64,70]. The chemical-linker-based approach has been adopted by Kurkina et al [65] to realize a RGO-FET immunosensor for Aβ peptides.…”

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-Enabled Carbon Nanostructures for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2014

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Carbon nanostructures (CNs) are amongst the most promising biorecognition nanomaterials due to their unprecedented optical, electrical and structural properties. As such, CNs may be harnessed to tackle the detrimental public health and socio-economic adversities associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In particular, CNs may be tailored for a specific determination of biomarkers indicative of NDs. However, the realization of such a biosensor represents a significant technological challenge in the uniform fabrication of CNs with outstanding qualities in order to facilitate a highly-sensitive detection of biomarkers suspended in complex biological environments. Notably, the versatility of plasma-based techniques for the synthesis and surface modification of CNs may be embraced to optimize the biorecognition performance and capabilities. This review surveys the recent advances in CN-based biosensors, and highlights the benefits of plasma-processing techniques to enable, enhance, and tailor the performance and optimize the fabrication of CNs, towards the construction of biosensors with unparalleled performance for the early diagnosis of NDs, via a plethora of energy-efficient, environmentally-benign, and inexpensive approaches.

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Scalable graphene field-effect sensors for specific protein detection

Cited by 60 publications

References 26 publications

Transfer printing of CVD graphene FETs on patterned substrates

Transfer printing of CVD graphene FETs on patterned substrates

Real-time reliable determination of binding kinetics of DNA hybridization using a multi-channel graphene biosensor

Plasma-Enabled Carbon Nanostructures for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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