SBR composites reinforced with N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-P-phenylenediamine-modified clay

A multifunctional additive based on castor oil (gallate ester of castor oil [GECO]) for rubber composites was synthesized via esterification between castor oil (CO) and gallic acid (GA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the GECO. GECO was applied at different loadings (1, 2, and 4 phr) in high abrasion furnace (HAF) carbon black–filled natural rubber (NR) composite to study its effect on the curing, swelling, mechanical, and aging properties of the resulting composite. It was found that the use of GECO accelerated the curing process effectively and endowed the resulting composites with significantly better antiaging properties than the control composite containing the traditional antioxidant, N‐isopropyl‐N′‐phenyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (IPPD). Additionally, it was found that the use of 1 phr of GECO enhanced the swelling and mechanical properties of the resulting composite, and after this level, a slight decrease in the properties was observed. Scanning electron microscopy results confirmed that the use of 1 phr of GECO caused a better dispersion of HAF within the NR matrix which resulted in an enhancement in the HAF reinforcement.

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“…Moreover, the bands at 850, 799, and 679 cm −1 were ascribed to the bending vibration (out‐of‐plane) of C–H of IPPD. [ 23 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallate ester of castor oil as a multifunctional additive in HAF carbon black–filled natural rubber composites

Kandil

Samy

El‐Nashar

2021

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…OMMT belongs to the 2:1 family of phyllosilicate clay minerals, in which each crystal layer consists of a silica tetrahedral layer sandwiched between two octahedral sheets of aluminum and magnesium hydroxides, and there is an interlayer space between them . Incorporation of OMMT can lead to a significant improvement of many properties such as tensile modulus , barrier properties , thermal stability and flammability , and also can solve cure reversion problem in CR/NR blend systems , which is mainly associated with decomposition and reduction in the number of polysulphidic crosslinks in the network of NR caused by the conversion of multisulfuric bonds into double‐ or monosulfuric bonds. Besides, due to having liable inclusion of allylic chloride, CR releases hydrochloride under elevated temperatures which aggravates the cure revision of NR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the roles of nanoclay and blend composition on the improved properties of natural rubber/chloroprene composites

et al. 2016

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Hybrid clay polymer nanocomposites (CPNs) based on blends of natural rubber (NR) and chloroprene rubber (CR) with different compositions (100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, 80/20), reinforced with various contents of organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT), were prepared by a two-roll mill via a vulcanization process. Curing data of the prepared compounds indicated a reduction in scorch time (t 5 ) and optimum cure time (t 90 ) with increasing the nanoclay content. Mechanical properties of samples were markedly enhanced upon nanoclay inclusion, due to the proper level of interactions established between nanoclay particles and the rubber matrix as it was evidenced by SEM photomicrographs. Results of X-ray diffraction proved the expansion of the interlayer distance, and transmission electron microscopy micrographs further confirmed that the prepared CPN samples exhibit intercalated/partially exfoliated structures. Moreover, the reinforcement effect of OMMT was reflected in the stress-induced crystallization and network structure of the CPNs based on the rubber-elasticity and tube model theories as well as rheological properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1562-1574

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“…1 In order to cover the shortages of SBR, rubber antioxidants, such as 4010-NA and 4020, and reinforcing llers, say carbon black and silica, were used to improve the usability of SBR. 12 Therefore, we synthesized one new kind of nanosilica-based immobile rubber antioxidant (RT-silica) which aimed at restricting mobility of antioxidant. In particular, the rolling resistance of SBR/silica tire product is far lower than that of tire product prepared by SBR/CB composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the modied clay showed more excellent reinforcement and antiaging performance than general clay in SBR matrix. 12 Therefore, we synthesized one new kind of nanosilica-based immobile rubber antioxidant (RT-silica) which aimed at restricting mobility of antioxidant. The graed antioxidants can act as surface modifying agents for silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanosilica-based immobile antioxidant on thermal oxidative degradation of SBR

et al. 2015

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A new kind of nanosilica-based immobile antioxidant (RT-silica) consisting of nanosilica, antioxidant intermediate p-aminodiphenylamine (RT) and silane coupling agent 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) was successfully synthesized via a grafting reaction in our laboratory. It was revealed that the anti-oxidation performance of the SBR/RT-silica composite was far superior to that of the SBR/silica composite, especially at high temperature, based on the results of non-isothermal oxidation induction time (OIT) tests. The calculation of protection factors (PFs) based on two non-Arrhenius temperature functions showed that silica possessed an acceleration effect on the aging of the SBR matrix. According to the results of tensile tests, the SBR/RT-silica composites exhibited more preeminent mechanical properties and residual rates during accelerated aging, in comparison with the SBR/silica composites. The affections of RT-silica on the cross-linking network of the SBR matrix were investigated via a tube model, demonstrating that RT-silica can't change the cross-linking density, but can induce the chain entanglement of rubber molecular chains. Moreover, the calculated values of degradation activation energy of SBR composites via the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method and Friedman method showed that RT-silica changed the thermal-oxidative aging mechanism of the SBR matrix.

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SBR composites reinforced with N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-P-phenylenediamine-modified clay

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Gallate ester of castor oil as a multifunctional additive in HAF carbon black–filled natural rubber composites

Gallate ester of castor oil as a multifunctional additive in HAF carbon black–filled natural rubber composites

Studying the roles of nanoclay and blend composition on the improved properties of natural rubber/chloroprene composites

Effect of nanosilica-based immobile antioxidant on thermal oxidative degradation of SBR

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