Saturation of retinol-binding protein correlates closely to the severity of alcohol-induced liver disease

Wagnerberger, Sabine; Schäfer, Christian; Bode, Christiane; Parlesak, Alexandr

doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2006.03.007

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…BaP was extracted by a previously established extraction method for lipophilic compounds from blood plasma [18]. In brief, 200 µL of ethanol (p.a., Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were added to 400 µL of plasma.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR2 Controls Intestinal Carcinogen Detoxication by CYP1A1

et al. 2012

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Intestinal cytochrome P450 subclass 1A1 (CYP1A1) contributes to a metabolic “shield” protecting the host from ingested carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The expression of CYP1 (including CYP1A2 and CYP1B1) is considered to depend solely on a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT). So far, no interference has been noted between the regulation of CYP1 and the activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which modulates the inflammatory response to bacterial cell wall components in immune cells and enterocytes. Here we report that intestinal CYP1A1 is silenced in TLR2-deficient mice, even when under exposure to the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). In contrast, hepatic CYP1A1 was moderately induced in TLR2-deficient mice without restoring their ability to clear BaP from systemic circulation, as present in wild-type animals. After feeding of BaP for 21 days, only TLR2 −/− mice, but not their wild type littermates developed polyps in the colon. Gene expressions and protein concentrations of AHR and ARNT in the intestine did not differ between the genotypes. In conclusion, the presence of ligands for TLR2 of bacterial origin seems to be crucial for detoxication of luminal carcinogens by CYP1A1 in the intestine. This unprecedented finding indicates a complex interplay between the immune system of the host and intestinal bacteria with detoxication mechanisms. This highlights the relevance of intestinal microbiota when trying to unravel pathways present in mammals and opens new perspectives for research in human health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR2 Controls Intestinal Carcinogen Detoxication by CYP1A1

et al. 2012

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“…These discrepancies may be due to variations in study design and methodologies. The binding of RBP4 to retinol and TTR is affected by several factors, including serum retinol, vitamin A intake, the acute phase response, protein-energy malnutrition, and liver and renal diseases (82)(83)(84)(85). In addition, age, sex, BMI, body fat percentage, lipid variables, fasting blood glucose, physical activity, TTR, waist circumference, waist-tohip ratio, ethnicity, insulin concentration, intakes of SFAs and TGs, and blood pressure are potential covariates that should be adjusted to find the precise correlation between RBP4 and cytokines (86)(87)(88)(89).…”

Section: Rbp4 and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinol Binding Protein 4 in Relation to Diet, Inflammation, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Diseases

Zabetian-Targhi

Mahmoudi²,

Rezaei

et al. 2015

Advances in Nutrition

107

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Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), previously called retinol binding protein (RBP), is considered a specific carrier of retinol in the blood. It is also an adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. RBP4 seems to be correlated with cardiometabolic markers in inflammatory chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It has recently been suggested that inflammation produced by RBP4 induces insulin resistance and CVD. The clinical relevance of this hypothesis is discussed in this review. Knowledge concerning the association of RBP4 with inflammation markers, oxidative stress, and CVDs as well as concerning the role of diet and antioxidants in decreasing RBP4 concentrations are discussed. Special attention is given to methodologies used in previously published studies and covariates that should be controlled when planning new studies on this adipokine.

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“…However, not all serum RBP is bound to retinol, and the proportion that is not (apo-RBP) varies, as the binding of RBP to retinol and transthyretin is affected by multiple factors, including vitamin A status, the acute-phase response, protein-energy malnutrition, liver disease and renal failure. [121][122][123][124] The RBP4-SR relationship may be important in obesity in that the link between RBP4 and insulin resistance may occur through retinol-dependent (that is, changes in retinol metabolism or delivery) or retinol-independent mechanisms. Retinoids can stimulate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression in the liver and hepatic gluconeogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Zimmermann

Aeberli

2008

Int J Obes

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Objective: To review and summarize the dietary determinants of the metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation and dyslipidemia in overweight children. Design: Review of the current literature, focusing on pediatric studies. Participants: Normal weight, overweight, or obese children and adolescents. Results: There is a growing literature on the metabolic effects of excess body fat during childhood. However, few pediatric studies have examined the dietary determinants of obesity-related metabolic disturbances. From the available data, it appears that dietary factors are not only important environmental determinants of adiposity, but also may affect components of the metabolic syndrome and modulate the actions of adipokines. Dietary total fat and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance and high blood pressure, as well as obesity-related inflammation. In contrast to studies in adults, resistin and adiponectin do not appear to be closely linked to insulin resistance or dyslipidemia in childhood. However, circulating leptin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4 correlate well with obesity, central obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children. Intakes of antioxidant vitamins tend to be low in obese children and may be predictors of subclinical inflammation. Higher fructose intake from sweets and sweetened drinks in overweight children has been linked to decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. Conclusions: Dietary interventions aimed at reducing intakes of total fat, saturated fat and free fructose, whereas increasing antioxidant vitamin intake may be beneficial in overweight children. More research on the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, S11-S18; doi:10. 1038/ijo.2008.202 Keywords: child; metabolic syndrome; diet; inflammation; adipokine IntroductionIn both industrialized and non-industrialized countries, the prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing. 1 Dietary factors are environmental determinants of adiposity, as well as components of the metabolic syndrome, and may modulate the actions of adipokines. Better understanding of the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. Hypertension, insulin resistance, resistin and adiponectinPediatric obesity is an important risk factor for adult hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and approximately one third of obese children are hypertensive and/or hyperinsulinemic. 2,3 The adipocyte-derived hormones resistin, adiponectin and leptin may play a role in the development of hypertension and/or insulin resistance. 4-7 Among children, inverse associations of adiponectin or resistin with body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance have been reported, 8 but not all studies agree. 9 Studies on diet in childhood hypertension have mainly focused on sodium or calcium intake, rather than macr...

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Saturation of retinol-binding protein correlates closely to the severity of alcohol-induced liver disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

TLR2 Controls Intestinal Carcinogen Detoxication by CYP1A1

TLR2 Controls Intestinal Carcinogen Detoxication by CYP1A1

Retinol Binding Protein 4 in Relation to Diet, Inflammation, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Diseases

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

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