Saturation of Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=62–200  GeV

Adler, S. S.; Rietz, R. du; Garpman, S.; Gustafsson, H.-Å.; Haslum, E.; Nilsson, P.; Nystrand, J.; Öskarsson, A.; Otterlund, I.; Rosendahl, S. S.E.; Silvermyr, D.; Stenlund, E.; Tydesjö, H.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.232302

Cited by 58 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In a picture of hydrodynamic expansion of the system formed in the collisions, these anisotropies are expected to arise owing to initial pressure gradients and subsequent interactions of the constituents [4,5]. Specifically, differential measurements [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] of azimuthal anisotropy have been found to be sensitive to (a) the equation of state (EOS), (b) thermalization, (c) transport coefficients of the medium, and (d) initial conditions in the heavy-ion collisions. Hence, it is important to study the dependence of azimuthal anisotropy as a function of several variables, for example center-of-mass energy ( √ s NN ), collision centrality, transverse momentum (p T ), and pseudorapidity (η).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonmonotonic variation of azimuthal anisotropy as a function of collision centrality and √ s NN could indicate the softest point of the EOS in heavy-ion reactions [29]. Further, it has been argued that the observation of saturation of differential azimuthal anisotropies v 2 (p T ) of charged hadrons in Au + Au collisions in the √ s NN range of 62.4-200 GeV is a signature of a mixed phase [15]. The new data presented in this paper shows to what extent such a saturation effect is observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions atsNN=7.7–39 GeV

Adamczyk¹,

Agakishiev²,

Aggarwal³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. C

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147

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions atsNN=7.7–39 GeV

Adamczyk¹,

Agakishiev²,

Aggarwal³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. C

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147

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“…Therefore, already in the assumption of a non dissipative QGP the estimation of the initial energy density has to be considered with care. The importance of the initial condition has been shown by the large elliptic flow, v 2 , in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at RHIC energies [29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40]. The centrality, pseudorapidity, and transverse momentum dependences of v 2 data are described reasonably well by employing the Glauber-type initial conditions and implementing hadronic dissipative effects in ideal hydrodynamic models [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Entropy production for an interacting quark–gluon plasma

Mattiello¹

2012

Nuclear Physics A

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We investigate the entropy production within dissipative hydrodynamics in the Israel-Stewart (IS) and Navier-Stokes theory (NS) for relativistic heavy ion physics applications. In particular we focus on the initial condition in a 0+1D Bjorken scenario, appropriate for the early longitudinal expansion stage of the collision. Going beyond the standard simplification of a massless ideal gas we consider a realistic equation of state consistently derived within a virial expansion. The EoS used is well in line with recent three-flavor QCD lattice data for the pressure, speed of sound, and interaction measure at nonzero temperature and vanishing chemical potential (µ q = 0). The shear viscosity has been consistently calculated within this formalism using a kinetic approach in the ultra-relativistic regime with an explicit and systematic evaluation of the transport cross section as function of temperature. We investigate the influence of the viscosity and the initial condition, i.e. formation time, initial temperature, and pressure anisotropy for the entropy production at RHIC at √ s NN = 130 GeV. We find that the interplay between effects of the viscosity and of the realistic EoS can not be neglected in the reconstruction of the initial state from experimental data. Therefore, from the experimental findings it is very hard to derive unambiguous information about the initial conditions and/or the evolution of the system.

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“…Since the symmetry planes are not accessible experimentally, the flow coefficients are estimated solely from the azimuthal angles of the particles emitted in the transverse plane. Measurements of different anisotropic flow coefficients at both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] not only confirmed the production of a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) but also contributed in constraining the value of the ratio between shear viscosity and entropy density (η/s) which is very close to the lower limit of 1/4π conjectured by AdS/CFT [47]. In addition, the comparison between experimental data [41] and viscous hydrodynamical calculations [48] showed that higher order flow coefficients and more importantly their transverse momentum dependence are more sensitive probes than lower order coefficients, i.e.…”

Section: Jhep06(2020)147mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear flow modes of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

Acharya

Adamová

Adler

et al. 2020

J. High Energ. Phys.

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The p T-differential non-linear flow modes, v 4,22 , v 5,32 , v 6,33 and v 6,222 for π ± , K ± , K 0 S , p + p, Λ + Λ and φ-meson have been measured for the first time at √ s NN = 5.02 TeV in Pb-Pb collisions with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The results were obtained with a multi-particle technique, correlating the identified hadrons with reference charged particles from a different pseudorapidity region. These non-linear observables probe the contribution from the second and third order initial spatial anisotropy coefficients to higher flow harmonics. All the characteristic features observed in previous p T-differential anisotropic flow measurements for various particle species are also present in the non-linear flow modes, i.e. increase of magnitude with increasing centrality percentile, mass ordering at low p T and particle type grouping in the intermediate p T range. Hydrodynamical calculations (iEBE-VISHNU) that use different initial conditions and values of shear and bulk viscosity to entropy density ratios are confronted with the data at low transverse momenta. These calculations exhibit a better agreement with the anisotropic flow coefficients than the non-linear flow modes. These observations indicate that non-linear flow modes can provide additional discriminatory power in the study of initial conditions as well as new stringent constraints to hydrodynamical calculations.

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Saturation of Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=62–200 GeV

Cited by 58 publications

References 30 publications

Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions atsNN=7.7–39 GeV

Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions atsNN=7.7–39 GeV

Entropy production for an interacting quark–gluon plasma

Non-linear flow modes of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

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