Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine

Wit, Nicole J. de; Derrien, Muriel; Bosch-Vermeulen, Hanneke; Oosterink, Els; Keshtkar, Shohreh; Duval, Caroline; Bosch, Johan de Vogel-van den; Kleerebezem, Michiel; Müller, Michael; Meer, Roelof van der

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00488.2011

Cited by 347 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A previous isocaloric trial in abdominally obese subjects indicated that the present associations may be causal, since replacing SFAs from butter with PUFAs from sunflower oil reduced liver fat (20,22). Thus, together these trials indicate that SFAs (high in 16:0) per se might promote hepatic steatosis, both during isocaloric and hypercaloric conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…In the current study, a fructose-SFA interaction on liver fat is possible since the muffins contained significant amounts of fructose (33). Early animal data showed that carbohydrate-induced lipogenesis was inhibited by adding linoleic acid, whereas palmitate had no effect (34), and SFAs have enhanced steatosis and increased hepatic lipogenesis compared with PUFAs (20,21). Hepatic activity of the lipogenic enzyme SCD-1 may be elevated in steatosis (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-sectional data suggest that dietary fat composition could play a key role in liver fat accumulation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inversely (13) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) directly associated with liver fat and liver fat markers (14,15). In addition, animals fed highfat diets with PUFAs reduced body and liver fat accumulation compared with SFA diets (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). In the recent HEPFAT trial, we showed that an isocaloric diet rich in PUFAs given for 10 weeks reduced liver fat content and tended to reduce insulin resistance compared with a diet rich in SFAs in individuals with abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes (22).…”

Section: Overfeeding Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fat Causes Distincmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overfeeding Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fat Causes Distinct Effects on Liver and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Humans

et al. 2014

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Excess ectopic fat storage is linked to type 2 diabetes. The importance of dietary fat composition for ectopic fat storage in humans is unknown. We investigated liver fat accumulation and body composition during overfeeding saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). LIPOGAIN was a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized trial. Thirty-nine young and normal-weight individuals were overfed muffins high in SFAs (palm oil) or n-6 PUFAs (sunflower oil) for 7 weeks. Liver fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), total adipose tissue, pancreatic fat, and lean tissue were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Transcriptomics were performed in SAT. Both groups gained similar weight. SFAs, however, markedly increased liver fat compared with PUFAs and caused a twofold larger increase in VAT than PUFAs. Conversely, PUFAs caused a nearly threefold larger increase in lean tissue than SFAs. Increase in liver fat directly correlated with changes in plasma SFAs and inversely with PUFAs. Genes involved in regulating energy dissipation, insulin resistance, body composition, and fat-cell differentiation in SAT were differentially regulated between diets, and associated with increased PUFAs in SAT. In conclusion, overeating SFAs promotes hepatic and visceral fat storage, whereas excess energy from PUFAs may instead promote lean tissue in healthy humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overfeeding Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fat Causes Distincmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overfeeding Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fat Causes Distinct Effects on Liver and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Humans

et al. 2014

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“…There are likely also effects from direct exposure of intestinal microbes to FA. A high fat, high SFA palm oil diet caused increased fecal fat in mice (15). This "overflow, " or decreased absorption and increased intestinal SFA transport, was associated with a decrease in diversity index as well as increased relative amounts of Firmicutes members Bacilli and Clostridia.…”

Section: Controlled Alterations Of Fat Intake In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Linking fat intake, the intestinal microbiome, and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants

Robinson

Caplan

2014

Pediatr Res

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“…Below, we provide an overview of the most recent reviews on gut microbiota and metabolic diseases. 31,56,[105][106][107][108][109][110] Obesity Gut microbial composition alterations have been extensively described as either potentially causal or protective toward weight gain 111,112 both in human and mouse studies. An analysis of the metabolic phenotypes of eight genetically distinct inbred mouse strains in response to a HFD revealed several variations in their metabolic-related phenotypes and gut microbiota.…”

Section: Metabolic Diseases and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the microbiome in health and disease

Scotti

Boué

Sasso

et al. 2017

Toxicology Research and Application

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The analysis of human microbiome is an exciting and rapidly expanding field of research. In the past decade, the biological relevance of the microbiome for human health has become evident. Microbiome comprises a complex collection of microorganisms, with their genes and metabolites, colonizing different body niches. It is now well known that the microbiome interacts with its host, assisting in the bioconversion of nutrients and detoxification, supporting immunity, protecting against pathogenic microbes, and maintaining health. Remarkable new findings showed that our microbiome not only primarily affects the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract but also has a strong influence on general body health through its close interaction with the nervous system and the lung. Therefore, a perfect and sensitive balanced interaction of microbes with the host is required for a healthy body. In fact, growing evidence suggests that the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota can be influenced by many factors, including genetics, diet, age, and toxicological agents like cigarette smoke, environmental contaminants, and drugs. The disruption of this balance, that is called dysbiosis, is associated with a plethora of diseases, including metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontitis, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The importance of the host microbiome for the human health has also led to the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches focused on the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful roles. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate not only the role of microbiome in health conditions and the possible link with various types of diseases but also the influence of various toxicological factors on the microbial composition and function.

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Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine

Cited by 347 publications

References 35 publications

Overfeeding Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fat Causes Distinct Effects on Liver and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Humans

Overfeeding Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fat Causes Distinct Effects on Liver and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Humans

Linking fat intake, the intestinal microbiome, and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants

Exploring the microbiome in health and disease

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