Satu Tinjauan Muzikologi Lagu Melayu Asli

Abstract

Kajian mengenai muzik tradisional semakin mendapat tempat dalam kalangan para sarjana, khususnya melibatkan salah satu muzik Malaysia, iaitu lagu Melayu Asli. Hasilnya, terdapat banyak artikel yang mengkaji lagu Melayu Asli, baik dari kaca mata instrumentalis mahupun dari sudut nyanyian vokal. Artikel ini melampirkan tinjauan dalam lagu Melayu Asli, berfokuskan pada ciri-ciri yang terkandung di dalamnya. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk meninjau ciri lagu Melayu Asli ini menggunakan analisis dokumen kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis kandungan daripada artikel dan diskografi lagu Melayu Asli. Bagi meningkatkan kesahan dapatan yang diperolehi daripada artikel dan diskografi, triangulasi dilakukan dengan kaedah temu bual. Rumusannya, ciri-ciri umum lagu Melayu Asli boleh dilihat dari aspek berikut: struktur asal komposisi lagu Melayu Asli berasaskan struktur AB, kemudian ditambah dengan bahagian intro, interlud dan outro. Rentak asli atau senandung ini dimainkan dalam tempo yang perlahan, sekitar 55 sehingga 75 bit per minit. Akhir sekali, ciri yang harus ada dalam komposisi lagu Melayu Asli ialah melodi pengantar lagu, iaitu satu rangkai melodi pendek yang dimainkan sebelum atau selepas melodi utama atau melodi nyanyian. Ciri pengantar lagu ini juga seperti fungsi counter-melody yang melengkapi melodi utama dalam lagu Melayu Asli.

Recapitulation of Malay asli music genre transcriptions for a chamber trio employing music score analysis

“…Consequently, the transcriptions verified previous studies' claims that Malay asli music is generally performed at a 'leisurely pace or melancholic tempo' (Arshad et al, 2022;Kong-Chiang 2009, pp. 12-13;Matusky & Tan, 2017;Mazlan et al, 2020). In accordance with the descriptive analysis of the structure of Malay asli music (Arshad et al, 2022;Mazlan et al, 2020;Ng Kea Chye, 2016), the present transcriptions were written in folk song form (i.e.…”

“…Photograph 1. Music ensemble instruments for performing Melayu Asli traditional music Generally, this music is comprised of a simple main melody that is elaborated by traditional ensemble instrumentalists who add improvisational musical embellishments such as glissando, turns, acciaccaturas, mordents, and combinations of running passages (Isyak, 2018;Mazlan et al, 2020). Malay asli traditional music is rarely published in fully notated transcriptions or arrangements for individual classical Western instruments.…”

“…Notes 2. Malayan tunes published for piano by James Low in 1837 (Irving 2014:208) the characteristics of traditional musical instruments, pitch, and rhythmic styles (Arshad et al, 2022;Irving, 2014, p. 199;Mazlan et al, 2020). Consequently, since the nineteenth century, few publications have focused on the study and practice of transcribing Malay asli traditional music, mainly for piano or flute.…”

“…Malay asli is one of the lesser known and explored forms of traditional music. According to a brief definition provided in the Dictionary of the Art of Music, Malay asli is a syncretic music form performed at a slow, leisurely pace of 2/2 or 4/4 time signature, typically in diatonic scales with flat 3rd, sharp 4th, and flat 7th chromatic tones (Arshad et al, 2022;Kong-Chiang, 2009, 12-13;Matusky & Tan, 2017;Mazlan et al, 2020). Syncretic music in Malaysia emerged in the sixteenth-century post-Portuguese period.…”

“…Syncretic music in Malaysia emerged in the sixteenth-century post-Portuguese period. The music form involves unique rhythmic patterns such as the asli, inang, zapin, masri, and joget, which are typically produced by drum instruments and integrated from Arab, Indian, Chinese, and Western music (Arshad et al, 2022;Matusky & Tan, 2017, p. 6;Mazlan et al, 2020). Malay asli music form consists of a linear texture with embellishments in the instrumental and vocal melodic lines, making it more appealing (Matusky & Tan, 2017, p. 311).…”