“…Historical weather data are obtained mainly from airports and weather stations that might be located on the outskirts of cities. It might not be feasible to obtain data with adequate spatial coverage through ground measurements due to the required sampling (Li et al, 2013). The development of thermal remote sensing has provided opportunities for getting data at varying spatial resolution and coverage.…”
ABSTRACT:Urban heat island (UHI) effect is considered to be one of the key indicators of the impacts of urbanization and the climate changes on the environment. Thus, the growing interest in studying the impacts of urbanization on changes in land surface temperature (LST). The literature on LST indicates the need for more studies on the relationship between changes in LST and land use types, especially in the arid environment. This paper examines the spatial and temporal changes in land surface temperature influenced by land use/land cover types in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Multi-temporal Landsat images of the study area, 1985, 1995, 2002 and 2015, were processed to derive land surface temperatures. UHI index was computed for the different land use/land cover types (highdensity residential, medium-density residential, low-density residential, industrial, vegetation, and desert) in the study area. The results indicate a trend of rising temperatures in all the land use types in the study area. This is probably due to climate change. The industrial area has the highest temperatures among the land use types. The lowest temperatures are found in the vegetation area as expected. There is a need to implement mitigating measures to reduce the effects of rising temperatures in the study area.
“…Historical weather data are obtained mainly from airports and weather stations that might be located on the outskirts of cities. It might not be feasible to obtain data with adequate spatial coverage through ground measurements due to the required sampling (Li et al, 2013). The development of thermal remote sensing has provided opportunities for getting data at varying spatial resolution and coverage.…”
ABSTRACT:Urban heat island (UHI) effect is considered to be one of the key indicators of the impacts of urbanization and the climate changes on the environment. Thus, the growing interest in studying the impacts of urbanization on changes in land surface temperature (LST). The literature on LST indicates the need for more studies on the relationship between changes in LST and land use types, especially in the arid environment. This paper examines the spatial and temporal changes in land surface temperature influenced by land use/land cover types in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Multi-temporal Landsat images of the study area, 1985, 1995, 2002 and 2015, were processed to derive land surface temperatures. UHI index was computed for the different land use/land cover types (highdensity residential, medium-density residential, low-density residential, industrial, vegetation, and desert) in the study area. The results indicate a trend of rising temperatures in all the land use types in the study area. This is probably due to climate change. The industrial area has the highest temperatures among the land use types. The lowest temperatures are found in the vegetation area as expected. There is a need to implement mitigating measures to reduce the effects of rising temperatures in the study area.
“…LST varies rapidly with time and location [4], and, as a result, in order be able to acquire accurate LST measurements over time, there arises a need to estimate LST in a relatively higher spatial resolution. Due to the high variation of temperature over land, satellite derived LST provides researchers with a unique opportunity to acquire LST of the entire globe with a relatively high spatial resolution in average values rather than values in a point form [5]. Through LST derived from space, users of satellite imagery are now able to collect data, even from remote and inaccessible regions such as the poles and oceans.…”
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important measurement in studies related to the Earth surface's processes. The Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument onboard the Terra spacecraft is the currently available Thermal Infrared (TIR) imaging sensor with the highest spatial resolution. This study involves the comparison of LSTs inverted from the sensor using the Split Window Algorithm (SWA), the Single Channel Algorithm (SCA) and the Planck function. This study has used the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) data to model and compare the results from the three algorithms. The data from the sensor have been processed by the Python programming language in a free and open source software package (QGIS) to enable users to make use of the algorithms. The study revealed that the three algorithms are suitable for LST inversion, whereby the Planck function showed the highest level of accuracy, the SWA had moderate level of accuracy and the SCA had the least accuracy. The algorithms produced results with Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of 2.29 K, 3.77 K and 2.88 K for the Planck function, the SCA and SWA respectively.
“…The noise equivalent delta temperature of Landsat measurements is 0.2-0.3 ºC (Barsi et al, 2003). 30 TIR data must be corrected for emissivity and atmospheric effects if it is to be quantitatively useful (see Li et al, 2013 Hook et al, 2004), in which transmissivity of the atmosphere, upwelling atmospheric radiance and downwelling atmospheric radiance are obtained through the use of radiative transfer modelling codes. This method, however, requires in situ radiosounding data obtained near the study area and near the acquisition time of the image as input (Jiménez-Muñoz and Sobrino, 2003).…”
Section: Deriving Skin Temperature From Landsat Imagerymentioning
Abstract. The spatial and temporal coverage of the Landsat satellite imagery make it an ideal resource for studies on the long term evolution of lake surface temperature and for geographical studies of temperature patterns. The Lake Skin Surface 10 Temperature (LakeSST) data set contains skin surface temperature data for 442 French water bodies (natural lakes, reservoirs, ponds, gravel pit lakes and quarry lakes) for the period 1999-2016 obtained from the thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 archive images. The skin temperature measured by satellites differs slightly from water temperature in the first meters of the water column because of cool skin and warm layer effects. Nevertheless surface temperature parameterizations originally developed for the sea can be used to adjust LakeSST to commonly used lake water temperature, e.g. surface 15 temperature or temperature of the first 1~2 m. Moreover, theoretically small differences are to be expected between the freshwater and seawater case for low wind speeds. In fact, at the reservoir of Bimont, the estimated cool skin effect was about -0.3 ºC and -0.6 ºC most of time, while the warm layer effect at 0.55 m was negligible in average, but could occasionally attain several degrees and a cool layer was often observed in the night. The overall accuracy of the satellitederived temperature measurements was about 1.5 ºC, similar to other applications of satellite images to estimate freshwater
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