SARS-CoV-2 Virus Manifestations in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Therapeutic Implications

Jefremow, André; Neurath, Markus F.

doi:10.1159/000513180

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the GI system is well-established, with main symptoms being diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, vomiting, nausea, and loss of taste ( Jefremow and Neurath, 2021 ). However, onset of lymphocytic colitis has been observed rarely following SARS-CoV-2 infection with consistently elevated levels of fecal calprotectin and persistent diarrhea, even in the absence of fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA ( Nassar et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic colitis: Etiopathology, diagnosis, and rational management

Nielsen

Fernández‐Bañares

Sato

et al. 2022

eLife

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Microscopic colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease divided into two subtypes: collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. With an increasing incidence of microscopic colitis exceeding those of ulcerative and Crohn’s disease among elderly people in some countries, microscopic colitis is a debilitating life experience. Therefore, physicians should be familiar with its clinical features and management strategies because the disease deserves the same attention as the classical inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, state-of-the-art knowledge of microscopic colitis is provided from a global perspective with reference to etiopathology and how to establish the diagnosis with the overall aim to create awareness and improve rational management in clinical practice. The immune system and a dysregulated immune response seem to play a key role combined with risk factors (e.g. cigarette smoking) in genetically predisposed individuals. The symptoms are characterized by recurrent or chronic nonbloody, watery diarrhea, urgency, weight loss, and a female preponderance. As biomarkers are absent, the diagnosis relies on colonoscopy with a histological assessment of biopsy specimens from all parts of the colon. Although the disease is not associated with a risk of colorectal cancer, a recent nationwide, population-based cohort study found an increased risk of lymphoma and lung cancer. Budesonide is the first-line therapy for management, whereas immunomodulatory drugs (including biologics) and drugs with antidiarrheal properties may be indicated in those failing, dependent, or intolerant to budesonide. In microscopic colitis induced by checkpoint inhibitors, a drug class used increasingly for a wide range of malignancies, a more aggressive therapeutic approach with biologics introduced early seems reasonable. However, particular attention needs to be drawn to the existence of incomplete forms of microscopic colitis with the risk of being overlooked in routine clinical settings.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic colitis: Etiopathology, diagnosis, and rational management

Nielsen

Fernández‐Bañares

Sato

et al. 2022

eLife

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Prior studies have also suggested that the mechanism responsible for the imbalance in the gut microbiome during respiratory infection is likely by induction of type I interferons (IFNs) [ 99 ]. Indeed, it is known that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection suffering from ARDS also exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain [ 100 ], which may be related to similar mechanisms.…”

Section: Evidence For Potential Benefits Of Plant-derived Bioactivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential Use in the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Pathologies

Trivedi

Abbas

Lehmann

et al. 2022

JoX

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The highly contagious coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic and public health emergency as it has taken the lives of over 5.7 million in more than 180 different countries. This disease is characterized by respiratory tract symptoms, such as dry cough and shortness of breath, as well as other symptoms, including fever, chills, and fatigue. COVID-19 is also characterized by the excessive release of cytokines causing inflammatory injury to the lungs and other organs. It is advised to undergo precautionary measures, such as vaccination, social distancing, use of masks, hygiene, and a healthy diet. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and potential biologically active compounds (bioactive) found in plants and plant food. We conclude that many plant food bioactive compounds exhibit antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and support in attenuating organ damage due to reduced cytokine release and improving the recovery process from COVID-19 infection.

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“…Their inhibition damages the virus entering and, consequently, the cytokine storm. Currently, some clinical trials are using JAK’s inhibitors to treat COVID-19 [ 93 , 94 ]. Baracitinib has a double action.…”

Section: Drugs and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: What Have We Learned?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk, Course, and Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adults with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

et al. 2021

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Susceptibility and disease course of COVID-19 among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are unclear and epidemiological data on the topic are still limited. There is some concern that patients with immuno-mediated diseases such as IBD, which are frequently treated with immunosuppressive therapies, may have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with its related serious adverse outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologic drugs, which are commonly prescribed to these patients, have been associated with higher rates of severe viral and bacterial infections including influenza and pneumonia. It is not known whether these drugs can be so harmful as to justify their interruption during COVID-19 infection or if, on the contrary, patients with IBD can benefit from them. As shown by recent reports, it cannot be excluded that drugs that suppress the immune system can block the characteristic cytokine storm of severe forms of COVID-19 and consequently reduce mortality. Another cause for concern is the up-regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors that has been noticed in these patients, which could facilitate the entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this narrative review is to clarify the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IBD, the clinical characteristics of patients who contract the infection, and the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and immunosuppressive treatment.

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SARS-CoV-2 Virus Manifestations in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Therapeutic Implications

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

Microscopic colitis: Etiopathology, diagnosis, and rational management

Microscopic colitis: Etiopathology, diagnosis, and rational management

Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential Use in the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Pathologies

Risk, Course, and Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adults with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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