SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in a Sleep-Away Camp

Szablewski, Christine M.; Chang, Karen; McDaniel, Clinton J.; Chu, Victoria; Yousaf, Anna R; Schwartz, Noah G.; Brown, Mark F.; Winglee, Kathryn; Paul, Prabasaj; Cui, Zhaohui; Slayton, Rachel B.; Tong, Suxiang; Li, Yan; Uehara, Anna; Sharkey, Sarah M.; Kirking, Hannah L.; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Dirlikov, Emilio; Fry, Alicia M.; Hall, Aron J.; Rose, Dale A.; Villanueva, Julie; Drenzek, Cherie; Stewart, Rebekah J; Lanzieri, Tatiana M.; Team, Camp Outbreak Field Investigation

doi:10.1542/peds.2020-046524

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 transmission, for example, was low within four Maine overnight camps that implemented pre-arrival quarantine, pre-arrival and post-arrival testing and symptom screening, cohorting, face covering use, physical distancing, enhanced hygiene measures, cleaning and disinfecting, and maximal outdoor programming. 2 In contrast, an overnight camp in Georgia experienced significant SARS-CoV-2 transmission among campers and staff, 3 with an overall attack rate of 44%. Attack rates increased with length of time spent at the camp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-pharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 cases in US summer camps: results from an American Camp Association survey

Suh

Meehan²,

Blaisdell

et al. 2021

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundMost camps remained closed during Summer 2020, due to concerns regarding child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and limited information about the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) within child congregate settings.MethodsWe surveyed US camps about on-site operations, camper and staff demographics, COVID-19 cases among campers and staff, and NPI usage as related to pre-camp quarantine, facial coverings, physical distancing, cleaning and facility modifications. For all NPIs, save quarantine, responses were provided on a 5-point Likert scale format.ResultsWithin 486 on-site camps, a range of NPIs were instituted, most often related to reduced camper interactions, staff face coverings, cleaning and hand hygiene. Camper facial coverings were less common, with campers always wearing masks at ~34% of the camps. Approximately 15% of camps reported 1+ confirmed COVID-19 case in either campers or staff, with three camps reporting a COVID-19 outbreak. In both single and multi-NPI analyses, the risk of COVID-19 cases was lowest when campers always wore facial coverings. Constant use of staff facial coverings and targeted physical distancing measures, but not pre-camp quarantine, also reduced COVID-19 risks.ConclusionsWe found constant facial coverings, especially for campers, and targeted physical distancing measures to reduce risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission within summer camps. Our findings provide valuable insights for future operations of summer camps and other child congregate settings regarding the use of NPIs to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-pharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 cases in US summer camps: results from an American Camp Association survey

Suh

Meehan²,

Blaisdell

et al. 2021

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“… 1 Data on the extent of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from children and adolescents in the household setting, including transmission to older persons who are at increased risk for severe disease, are limited. 2 After an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) at an overnight camp, 3 we conducted a retrospective cohort study involving camp attendees and their household contacts to assess secondary transmission and factors associated with household transmission (additional details are provided in the Methods section in the Supplementary Appendix , available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Children and Adolescents

Chu¹,

Yousaf²,

Chang³

et al. 2021

N Engl J Med

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“…8 Despite popular disbelief in some quarters, there is robust scientific evidence from a wide range of settings that the novel coronavirus can be transmitted both from children to other children and to adults. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Consequently, aspirational plans to achieve population herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 through widespread vaccination must consider the vaccine-ineligible child population. The purpose of this study was to examine the geographic and racial/ethnic distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine age-ineligible population in the U.S., and to calculate the proportion of the age-eligible population that would need to be vaccinated in a given geographic area or racial/ethnic group in order to achieve either 60% or 75% vaccine coverage for the population as a whole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Age-Ineligible for COVID-19 Vaccine in the United States: Implications for State, County, and Race/Ethnicity Vaccination Targets

Pathak

Menard

Garcia

2021

Preprint

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Background: We examined the geographic and racial/ethnic distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine age-ineligible population (0-15 years old) in the U.S., and calculated the proportion of the age-eligible population that will need to be vaccinated in a given geo-demographic group in order to achieve either 60% or 75% vaccine coverage for that population as a whole. Methods: US Census Bureau population estimates for 2019 were used to calculate the percent vaccine ineligible and related measures for counties, states, and the nation as a whole. Vaccination targets for the 30 largest counties by population were calculated. Study measures were calculated for racial/ethnic populations at the national (n=7) and state (n=6) levels. Results: Percent of population ineligible for vaccine varied widely both geographically and by race/ethnicity. State values ranged from 15.8% in Vermont to 25.7% in Utah, while percent ineligible of the major racial/ethnic groups was 16.4% of non-Hispanic whites, 21.6% of non-Hispanic Blacks, and 27.5% of Hispanics. Achievement of total population vaccine coverage of at least 75% will require vaccinating more than 90% of the population aged 16 years and older in 29 out of 30 of the largest counties in the U.S. Conclusions: The vaccine-ineligibility of most children for the next 1-2 years, coupled with reported pervasive vaccine hesitancy among adults, especially women and most minorities, means that achievement of adequate levels of vaccine coverage will be very difficult for many vulnerable geographic areas and for several racial/ethnic minority groups, particularly Hispanics, Blacks, and American Indians.

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SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in a Sleep-Away Camp

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Non-pharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 cases in US summer camps: results from an American Camp Association survey

Non-pharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 cases in US summer camps: results from an American Camp Association survey

Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Children and Adolescents

Population Age-Ineligible for COVID-19 Vaccine in the United States: Implications for State, County, and Race/Ethnicity Vaccination Targets

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