SARS-CoV-2 Transmission between Mink (<i>Neovison vison</i>) and Humans, Denmark

Hammer, Anne Sofie; Quaade, Michelle Lauge; Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun; Fonager, Jannik; Rasmussen, Morten; Mundbjerg, Karin; Lohse, Louise; Strandbygaard, Bertel; Jørgensen, Charlotte Sværke; Alfaro-Núñez, Alonzo; Rosenstierne, Maiken Worsøe; Boklund, Anette; Halasa, Tariq Hisham Beshara; Fomsgaard, Anders; Belsham, Graham J.; Bøtner, Anette

doi:10.3201/eid2702.203794

Cited by 242 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Considering that mink ACE2 is only 83% identical to human ACE2 (Figure 9), some of the different ACE2 residues may have more adverse impact on the SARS-CoV-2 entry than on the SARS-CoV-1 entry. This idea does not necessarily contradict recent reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections among mink on farms (20,(41)(42)(43)(44); ACE2 expression is relatively low in Mv1Lu cells ( Figure 6) but likely higher in various epithelial cells in vivo, enabling productive infection in minks even through a weaker spike-receptor interaction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of cell lines and substrates commonly used in diagnosis and isolation of influenza and other viruses

Wang¹,

Fan²,

Bonenfant³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Coinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viruses is inevitable as the COVID-19 pandemic continues. This study aimed to evaluate cell lines commonly used in virus diagnosis and isolation for their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. While multiple kidney cell lines from monkeys were susceptible and permissive to SARS-CoV-2, many cell types derived from human, dog, mink, cat, mouse, or chicken were not. Analysis of MDCK cells, which are most commonly used for surveillance and study of influenza viruses, demonstrated that they were insusceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and that the cellular barrier to productive infection was due to low expression level of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and lower receptor affinity to SARS-CoV-2 spike, which could be overcome by over-expression of canine ACE2 in trans. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism did not appear to be affected by a D614G mutation in the spike protein.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of cell lines and substrates commonly used in diagnosis and isolation of influenza and other viruses

Wang¹,

Fan²,

Bonenfant³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Domestic cats and dogs have repeatedly been shown to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but with few exceptions are asymptomatic or develop mild clinical disease (17,24,25). Farmed mink, on the other hand, are not only susceptible to infection, but can develop fulminating fatal disease (10,26). In contrast, ferrets, which are closely related to mink, shed virus following infection but the infection is subclinical (27).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of peridomestic mammal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Porter

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Wild animals have been implicated as the origin of SARS-CoV-2, but it is largely unknown how the virus affects most wildlife species and if wildlife could ultimately serve as a reservoir for maintaining the virus outside the human population. Here we show that several common peridomestic species, including deer mice, bushy-tailed woodrats, and striped skunks, are susceptible to infection and can shed the virus in respiratory secretions. In contrast, we demonstrate that cottontail rabbits, fox squirrels, Wyoming ground squirrels, black-tailed prairie dogs, house mice, and racoons are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our work expands upon the existing knowledge base of susceptible species and provides evidence that human-wildlife interactions could result in continued transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

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“…As mutants of the virus inevitably appear 29 , particularly those with variant spike sequences 30 such as the Y453F variant recently found in mink 31 , application of the deep MD simulation could help predict infectivity and evolutionary forces (such as variants of ACE2 in certain populations) that may affect emergence of these mutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millisecond-scale molecular dynamics simulation of spike RBD structure reveals evolutionary adaption of SARS-CoV-2 to stably bind ACE2

Nelson

Buzko

Bassett³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike (S) protein interacts with host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain entry to host cells and initiate infection1–3. Detailed, accurate understanding of key interactions between S RBD and ACE2 provides critical information that may be leveraged in the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Utilizing the published sequences and cryo-EM structures of both the viral S RBD and ACE24,5, we performed in silico molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of free S RBD and of its interaction with ACE2 over the exceptionally long durations of 2.9 and 2 milliseconds, respectively, to elucidate the nature and relative affinity of S RBD surface residues for the ACE2 binding region. Our findings reveal that free S RBD has assumed an optimized ACE2 binding-ready conformation, incurring little entropic penalty for binding, an evolutionary adaptation that contributes to its high affinity for the receptor6. We further identified high probability molecular binding interactions that inform both vaccine design and therapeutic development, which may include recombinant ACE2-based spike decoys7 and/or allosteric S RBD-ACE2 binding inhibitors8,9 to prevent or arrest infection and thus disease.

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SARS-CoV-2 Transmission between Mink (Neovison vison) and Humans, Denmark

Cited by 242 publications

References 9 publications

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of cell lines and substrates commonly used in diagnosis and isolation of influenza and other viruses

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of cell lines and substrates commonly used in diagnosis and isolation of influenza and other viruses

Survey of peridomestic mammal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Millisecond-scale molecular dynamics simulation of spike RBD structure reveals evolutionary adaption of SARS-CoV-2 to stably bind ACE2

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