SARS-CoV-2: Targeted managements and vaccine development

Bakhiet, Moiz; Taurin, Sébastien

doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.11.001

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Vaccines currently approved or under scrutiny for human use have been developed using different advanced technologies ( Table 1 ) [ 3 , 4 ]. As aforementioned, vaccines currently approved by EMA use two different platforms (namely, non-replicating DNA viral vectors, and mRNA).…”

Section: Differences Between Platforms In Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mRNA leaves the nucleus of the cell and begins assembling Spike proteins. Some of the Spike proteins which are produced in the cytoplasma along with a variable amount of Spike proteins broken into fragments migrate to the surface of the cell [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Differences Between Platforms In Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, a total of seven SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are available across three different platforms 2 , 3 , 4 and as of 16 April 2021, a total of 734.121.870 vaccine doses have been administered ( https://covid19.who.int/ ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Lights and shadows

Angeli

Spanevello

Reboldi

et al. 2021

European Journal of Internal Medicine

115

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Vaccines to prevent acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicit an immune neutralizing response. Some concerns have been raised regarding the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, largely based on case-reports of serious thromboembolic events after vaccination. Some mechanisms have been suggested which might explain the adverse cardiovascular reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Different vaccine platforms are currently available which include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, vector vaccines, DNA vaccines and RNA vaccines. Most vaccines increase the endogenous synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins from a variety of cells. Once synthetized, the Spike proteins assembled in the cytoplasma migrate to the cell surface and protrude with a native-like conformation. These proteins are recognized by the immune system which rapidly develops an immune response. Such response appears to be quite vigorous in the presence of DNA vaccines which encode viral vectors, as well as in subjects who are immunized because of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The resulting pathological features may resemble those of active coronavirus disease. The free-floating Spike proteins synthetized by cells targeted by vaccine and destroyed by the immune response circulate in the blood and systematically interact with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed by a variety of cells including platelets, thereby promoting ACE2 internalization and degradation. These reactions may ultimately lead to platelet aggregation, thrombosis and inflammation mediated by several mechanisms including platelet ACE2 receptors. Whereas Phase III vaccine trials generally excluded participants with previous immunization, vaccination of huge populations in the real life will inevitably include individuals with preexisting immunity. This might lead to excessively enhanced inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in occasional subjects. Further research is urgently needed in this area.

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Section: Differences Between Platforms In Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differences Between Platforms In Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Lights and shadows

Angeli

Spanevello

Reboldi

et al. 2021

European Journal of Internal Medicine

115

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“…Numerous candidate vaccines are under development and testing, including nucleic acid vaccines, inactivated viral vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, protein or peptide vaccines, and viral vector vaccines (Bakhiet et al, 2020). (Fig.…”

Section: Prevention and Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 & COVID-19. From Virology to Epidemiology: “Epidemiological situation in Algeria and in West Algerian area”

Derkaoui

Ali²,

Noureddine

2021

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new, highly contagious virus causing serious emerging coronavirus disease (Covid-19), it quickly spread globally, causing a pandemic with a large number of deaths and millions of confirmed cases, posing a serious threat to global public health. Algeria was also caught up by the pandemic; the first indigenous outbreak was notified on March 01, 2020, thus announcing the effective start of the epidemic. Despite the significant progress made by scientists on the basis of various studies and clinical trials, there is currently no specific cure. But the prospect of a preventive or therapeutic vaccine seems increasingly realistic thanks to more intense global cooperation and also by taking advantage of the data collected on SARS and MERS. However, much remains to be learned about immunity against SARS-CoV-2 including the protective immunity induced by vaccines and the maintenance of this immunity. Therefore, at this time, it is imperative to remain cautious about this virus and to pursue preventative methods to prevent its spread. Algeria very early in adapting with preventive measures which proved to be effective and led to a significant decrease in cases of contamination, especially in western Algeria. In order to provide a clear overview of the vast literature available, we conducted a review of the literature on the SARS CoV-2 and the disease (Covid-19), while addressing the epidemiological situation in Algeria.

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“…The RBD-HBsAg-VLPs-Covid vaccine based on the RBD domain of SARS-CoV-2 conjugated to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) virus-like particles. 71 , 72…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%