Review on Up-to-Date Status of Candidate Vaccines for COVID-19 Disease

Belete, Tafere Mulaw

doi:10.2147/idr.s288877

Cited by 65 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…According to the COVID19 vaccine tracker ( ) a total of 257 vaccines are currently in development, and 78 are in clinical testing. Different models of vaccine platforms ensure that a wide range of alternatives to treatment are possible ( 226 , 227 ). Most COVID-19 vaccine candidates are designed to trigger anti-viral S protein neutralizing antibodies, preventing uptake through the human ACE2 receptor and thereby blocking infection ( 228 ).…”

Section: Vaccines and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Therapeutic Targets and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic Management: A Review on the Recent Update

et al. 2021

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic novel virus that has caused a massive pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Wuhan, a city in China became the epicenter of the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019. The disease was declared a pandemic globally by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is a beta CoV of the Coronaviridae family which usually causes respiratory symptoms that resemble common cold. Multiple countries have experienced multiple waves of the disease and scientific experts are consistently working to find answers to several unresolved questions, with the aim to find the most suitable ways to contain the virus. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies and vaccine development for COVID-19 management are also considered. Currently, substantial efforts have been made to develop successful and safe treatments and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Some vaccines, such as inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based, and vector-based vaccines, have entered phase 3 clinical trials. Additionally, diverse small molecule drugs, peptides and antibodies are being developed to treat COVID-19. We present here an overview of the virus interaction with the host and environment and anti-CoV therapeutic strategies; including vaccines and other methodologies, designed for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the hope that this integrative analysis could help develop novel therapeutic approaches against COVID-19.

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Section: Vaccines and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Therapeutic Targets and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic Management: A Review on the Recent Update

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, most vaccines that have been or are being developed, such as inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, etc., are based on synthetic biology (Strizova et al, 2021). However, it is of great important to develop effective vaccines under the strict bio-risk assessment and governance (Haynes et al, 2020;Belete, 2021) as serious incidents have been witnessed in the development of vaccines in the past (Haynes et al, 2020). For example, the formalin-inactivated vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (FI-RSV) was discontinued because of vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAED).…”

Section: Synthetic Biology Involved In Pathogen Identification and Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Synthetic Biology and Biosafety Governance

Zhao

Zheng

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Tremendous advances in the field of synthetic biology have been witnessed in multiple areas including life sciences, industrial development, and environmental bio-remediation. However, due to the limitations of human understanding in the code of life, any possible intended or unintended uses of synthetic biology, and other unknown reasons, the development and application of this technology has raised concerns over biosafety, biosecurity, and even cyberbiosecurity that they may expose public health and the environment to unknown hazards. Over the past decades, some countries in Europe, America, and Asia have enacted laws and regulations to control the application of synthetic biology techniques in basic and applied research and this has resulted in some benefits. The outbreak of the COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and various speculations about the origin of this virus have attracted more attention on bio-risk concerns of synthetic biology because of its potential power and uncertainty in the synthesis and engineering of living organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to scrutinize the control measures put in place to ensure appropriate use, promote the development of synthetic biology, and strengthen the governance of pathogen-related research, although the true origin of coronavirus remains hotly debated and unresolved. This article reviews the recent progress made in the field of synthetic biology and combs laws and regulations in governing bio-risk issues. We emphasize the urgent need for legislative and regulatory constraints and oversight to address the biological risks of synthetic biology.

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Section: Covid-19 Infection Prevention and Therapeutic Interventions: A General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early efforts to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 included early diagnosis, the isolation of infected people, frequent hand washing, wearing of masks and maintaining physical distancing have continued in most countries. Thankfully the development of vaccines for COVID-19 has been swift, and it is estimated that there are ∼66 vaccine candidates being clinically developed, with as many as 170 in pre-clinical development ( Belete, 2021 ; Funk et al, 2020 ; World Health Organization ; Centers for disease control, 2021 ; Food and Drug Administration ). At least ten vaccines have been approved by at least one national regulatory authority for public use: two mRNA vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines), four inactivated virus vaccines: BBIBP-CorV (Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm, China), WIBP (Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, China), and CoronaVac (Sinopharm, China), BBV152 (Bharat Biotech, India), three non-replicating viral vector vaccines: Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute, Russia), the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine (Oxford, United Kingdom), and Ad5-nCoV (CanSino Biologics, China), and one peptide vaccine EpiVacCorona (State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology-VECTOR, Russia) ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Covid-19 Infection Prevention and Therapeutic Interventions: A General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of these vaccines require two shots (Pfizer- 21 days apart and Moderna- 28 days a part) but are 95% effective (FDA, Table 1 ). In addition, three new vaccines are currently in phase three clinical trials including: the AstraZeneca-Oxford’s COVID-19 vaccine (now approved by the WHO), the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine, and the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine ( Funk et al, 2020 ; Belete, 2021 ; World Health Organization ; Centers for disease control, 2021 ; Food and Drug Administration ). In China, India, and Russia, approved COVID-19 vaccines include Sputnik V (Gamelaya, Russia), BBV152 (Bharat Biotech, India) and CoronaVac (Sinovac, China).…”

Section: Covid-19 Infection Prevention and Therapeutic Interventions: A General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naturally Occurring Bioactives as Antivirals: Emphasis on Coronavirus Infection

et al. 2021

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The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is a significant threat to human health and the worldwide economy. Coronaviruses cause a variety of diseases, such as pneumonia-like upper respiratory tract illnesses, gastroenteritis, encephalitis, multiple organ failure involving lungs and kidneys which might cause death. Since the pandemic started there have been more than 107 million COVID-19 infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ∼2.4 million deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmitted from person-to-person and has spread quickly across all continents. With the continued increase in morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19, and the damage to the global economy, there is an urgent need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. The advent of safe and effective vaccines has been a significant step forward in the battle against COVID-19, however treatment of the symptoms associated with the disease still requires new anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drug therapies. To this end, scientists have been investigating available natural products that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2, with some products showing promise in fighting several viral infections. Since many natural products are dietary components or are prepared as dietary supplements people tend to consider them safer than synthetic drugs. For example, Traditional Chinese Medicines have been effectively utilized to treat SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with promising results. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of COVID-19 therapies and the therapeutic potential of medicinal plant extracts and natural compounds for the treatment of several viral infections, with special emphasis on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Realistic strategies that can be employed for the effective use of bioactive compounds for anti-SARS-CoV-2 research are also provided.

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Review on Up-to-Date Status of Candidate Vaccines for COVID-19 Disease

Cited by 65 publications

References 61 publications

Potential Therapeutic Targets and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic Management: A Review on the Recent Update

Potential Therapeutic Targets and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic Management: A Review on the Recent Update

Advances in Synthetic Biology and Biosafety Governance

Naturally Occurring Bioactives as Antivirals: Emphasis on Coronavirus Infection

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