SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine induced higher antibody affinity and IgG titers against variants of concern in post-partum vs non-post-partum women

Lee, Youri; Grubbs, Gabrielle; Ramelli, Sabrina; Levine, Andrea; Bathula, Allison; Saharia, Kapil; Purcell, Madeleine; Singireddy, Shreya; Dugan, Colleen; Kirchoff, Lindsey; Lankford, Allison; Cipriano, Sarah D.; Curto, Ryan A.; Wu, Jocelyn; Raja, Katherine; Kelley, Emily G.; Herr, Daniel; Vannella, Kevin M.; Ravichandran, Supriya; Tang, Juanjie; Harris, Anthony D.; Sajadi, Mohammad M.; Chertow, Daniel S.; Grazioli, Alison; Khurana, Surender

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103940

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination serum samples were collected after the second vaccination and third vaccination from 31 convalescent individuals who were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but not hospitalized (had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March and November 2020) prior to circulation of any of the Omicron lineages as well as naïve 50 healthy adults 40 . During March – November 2020, the predominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains in the US were the D614G strain and the Alpha variant prior to vaccines being available in the US.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination

et al. 2022

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There is limited knowledge on durability of neutralization capacity and antibody affinity maturation generated following two versus three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in naïve versus convalescent individuals (hybrid immunity) against the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 subvariants. Virus neutralization titers against the vaccine-homologous strain (WA1) and Omicron sublineages are measured in a pseudovirus neutralization assay (PsVNA). In addition, antibody binding and antibody affinity against spike proteins from WA1, BA.1, and BA.2 is determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The convalescent individuals who after SARS-CoV-2 infection got vaccinated develop hybrid immunity that shows broader neutralization activity and cross-reactive antibody affinity maturation against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 after either second or third vaccination compared with naïve individuals. Neutralization activity correlates with antibody affinity against Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 spikes. Importantly, at four months post-third vaccination the neutralization activity and antibody affinity against the Omicron subvariants is maintained and trended higher for the individuals with hybrid immunity compared with naïve adults. These findings about hybrid immunity resulting in superior immune kinetics, breadth, and durable high affinity antibodies support the need for booster vaccinations to provide effective protection from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants like the rapidly spreading Omicron subvariants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination

et al. 2022

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“…Comirnaty ® COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Elderly patients [138,139] Children & adolescents [142,143] Pregnant & lactating women [19,[145][146][147][148] Solid organ transplant recipients [25,149,150,[152][153][154]156] Systemic rheumatic diseases [157][158][159] Hematological malignancies [160][161][162][163][164][165] Solid malignancies [166,168,169] Spikevax COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Elderly patients [140] Pregnant & lactating women [145][146][147][148] Solid organ transplant recipients [151,155,156] Systemic rheumatic diseases [158,159] Hematological malignancies [165] Solid malignancies [167][168][169] Vaxzevria COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1-S)…”

Section: Vaccine Special Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study on the impact of physiological changes induced by lactation on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses revealed that the peak neutralization responses and durability at 4 months against SARS-CoV-2, as well as Beta and Gamma VOCs, was two-fold higher in post-partum women when compared with non-post-partum women following mRNA vaccination. The authors also observed a significantly higher affinity of antibodies to the RBD in post-partum women after the second dose [ 146 ].…”

Section: Immune Response In Special Patient Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity after COVID-19 Recovery and Vaccination: Similarities and Differences

et al. 2022

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with a robust immune response. The development of systemic inflammation leads to a hyperinflammatory state due to cytokine release syndrome during severe COVID-19. The emergence of many new SARS-CoV-2 variants across the world deteriorates the protective antiviral immunity induced after infection or vaccination. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for determining the fate of COVID-19 symptomatology. T cell-mediated immunity is the main factor of the antiviral immune response; moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates a rapid B-cell response. In this paper, we present the current state of knowledge on immunity after COVID-19 infection and vaccination. We discuss the mechanisms of immune response to various types of vaccines (nucleoside-modified, adenovirus-vectored, inactivated virus vaccines and recombinant protein adjuvanted formulations). This includes specific aspects of vaccination in selected patient populations with altered immune activity (the elderly, children, pregnant women, solid organ transplant recipients, patients with systemic rheumatic diseases or malignancies). We also present diagnostic and research tools available to study the anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular and humoral immune responses.

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“…Although COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for pregnant women [ 3 , 4 ], some may choose vaccination postpartum or not at all. Recent studies suggest pregnant and lactating women develop a successful humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination [ 5 – 7 ] and that vaccination during pregnancy confers benefit to the infants in terms of the reduction of infants hospitalized with COVID-19 [ 8 ]. However, the development of passive immunity to COVID-19 via maternal vaccination remain poorly understood and the acquisition of vaccine induced maternal antibodies in infants has not been well characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the development of passive immunity to COVID-19 via maternal vaccination remain poorly understood and the acquisition of vaccine induced maternal antibodies in infants has not been well characterized. Given the ability of SARS-CoV-2 IgG maternal antibodies to cross into the fetus antepartum [ 9 , 10 ], and for breast milk containing SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies [ 7 , 11 , 12 ] we decided to determine the distribution and fate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced antibodies in mothers and infants within and between antepartum and postpartum pairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal transfer of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies transplacentally and via breast milk feeding

Sajadi

Shokatpour²,

Purcell

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Although there have been many studies on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, very few have looked at the fate of these in the infant, and whether they are delivered to immunologically relevant sites in infants. Methods Mother/infant pairs (mothers who breast milk fed and who were SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated before or after delivery) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Mother blood, mother breast milk, infant blood, infant nasal specimen, and infant stool was tested for IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer. Results Thirty-one mother/infant pairs were recruited. Breast milk fed infants acquired systemic anti-spike IgG antibodies only if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum (100% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P<0.0001). Breast milk fed infants acquired mucosal anti-spike IgG antibodies (in the nose) only if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum (89% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P<0.0001). None of the infants in either group had anti-spike IgA in the blood. Surprisingly, 33% of the infants whose mothers were vaccinated antepartum had high titer anti-spike IgA in the nose (33% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P = 0.03). Half-life of maternally transferred plasma IgG antibodies in the Antepartum infant cohort was ~70 days. Conclusion Vaccination antepartum followed by breast milk feeding appears to be the best way to provide systemic and local anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for infants. The presence of high titer SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in the nose of infants points to the potential importance of breast milk feeding early in life for maternal transfer of mucosal IgA antibodies. Expectant mothers should consider becoming vaccinated antepartum and consider breast milk feeding for optimal transfer of systemic and mucosal antibodies to their infants.

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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine induced higher antibody affinity and IgG titers against variants of concern in post-partum vs non-post-partum women

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination

Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination

Immunity after COVID-19 Recovery and Vaccination: Similarities and Differences

Maternal transfer of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies transplacentally and via breast milk feeding

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