SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics in Children and Household Contacts in a Slum in Rio de Janeiro

Lugon, Pâmella; Fuller, Trevon; Damasceno, Luana; Calvet, Guilherme Amaral; Resende, Paola Cristina; Matos, Aline Rocha; Fumian, Túlio Machado; Malta, Fábio Correia; Salgado, Aline Dessimoni; Fernandes, Fernanda Christina Morone; Carvalho, Liège Maria Abreu de; Guaraldo, Lusiele; Bastos, Leonardo Soares; Cruz, Oswaldo Gonçalves; Whitworth, James; Smith, Chris; Nielsen‐Saines, Karin; Siqueira, Marilda M.; Carvalho, Marília Sá; Brasil, Patrícia

doi:10.1542/peds.2021-050182

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Due to loss of the immunity acquired from natural contact with SARS-CoV-2 and the low percentage of vaccination, it is estimated through the SEIRS model that the safe resumption of either fully face-to-face or hybrid classes in Manaus will only be possible when vaccination reaches at least 70% of the city's population. A study published by FioCruz found that children are more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 than to be transmitting it, but the children in the evaluated community remained in isolation and did not return to face-to-face classes [25]. Children are known to have viral loads equivalent to those of adults, and they can contaminate others even when they are themselves asymptomatic [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazil’s COVID-19 Epicenter in Manaus: How Much of the Population Has Already Been Exposed and Are Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2?

Ferrante

Duczmal

Steinmetz

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Is Brazil’s COVID-19 epicenter really approaching herd immunity? A recent study estimated that in October 2020 three-quarters of the population of Manaus (the capital of the largest state in the Brazilian Amazon) had contact with SARS-CoV-2. We show that 46% of the Manaus population having had contact with SARS-CoV-2 at that time is a more plausible estimate, and that Amazonia is still far from herd immunity. The second wave of COVID-19 is now evident in Manaus. We predict that the pandemic of COVID-19 will continue throughout 2021, given the duration of naturally acquired immunity of only 240 days and the slow pace of vaccination. Manaus has a large percentage of the population that is susceptible (35 to 45% as of May 17, 2021). Against this backdrop, measures to restrict urban mobility and social isolation are still necessary, such as the closure of schools and universities, since the resumption of these activities in 2020 due to the low attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 was the main trigger for the second wave in Manaus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazil’s COVID-19 Epicenter in Manaus: How Much of the Population Has Already Been Exposed and Are Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2?

Ferrante

Duczmal

Steinmetz

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…A recent study conducted in Brazil also points out in this direction. Lugon et al 35 found that 13.9% of children and adolescents less than 14 years of age living at home with infected adults tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA by real‐time RT‐PCR. We report a higher rate of household transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 to children and adolescents, which may have occurred due to methodological differences, such as differences in the participants’ age between studies, sample collection, and testing considering the time of contact, amongst others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary household transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 among children and adolescents: Clinical and epidemiological aspects

Afonso

Marques

Costa

et al. 2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Objective To evaluate the secondary attack rate (SAR) in children and adolescents, contacts of essential activities workers who were infected by SARS‐CoV‐2; and to describe associated clinical and epidemiological data. Methods A cross‐sectional study conducted in children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years of age, that were household contacts of parents and other relatives who were infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 in the city of Goiânia, Central Brazil, from March to October 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from all participants. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and SAR were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results A total of 267 children and adolescents were investigated. The prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA by the real‐time RT‐PCR test and/or the presence of COVID‐19 associated symptoms (anosmia/ageusia and flu syndrome) was 25.1% (95.0% Confidence Interval [95.0% CI] = 20.3‐30.6). More than half (55.1%) of the participants had sygns and symptoms. The most prevalent signs and symptoms in positive individuals were nasal congestion (62.7%), headache (55.2%), cough (50.8%), myalgia (47.8%), runny nose (47.8%), and anosmia (47.8%). The Poisson model showed that the following signs or symptoms were associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: fever, nasal congestion, decreased appetite, nausea, anosmia, and ageusia. Families that had more than one infected adult, in addition to the index case, presented greater transmissibility to children and adolescents. Conclusions Our results contribute to the hypothesis that children and adolescents are not important sources of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the home environment during a period of social distancing and school closure; even though they are susceptible to infection in the household (around ¼ of our study population).

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“…It should be noted that fieldwork under these conditions was only possible because the interviewers were residents of the region hired during our cohort studies. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present investigation, which was built upon our accompaniment of previous cohorts in this community, 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 is part of an ongoing prospective SARS-CoV-2 study. 15 We offered study participation to all household contacts of children aged 13 and under who were seen at a primary health care centre for any reason including routine vaccinations and preventative care. The centre provides primary care to 4300 children in this age group per month.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 over four epidemic waves in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A prospective cohort study

Carvalho

Bastos

Fuller

et al. 2022

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics in Children and Household Contacts in a Slum in Rio de Janeiro

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Brazil’s COVID-19 Epicenter in Manaus: How Much of the Population Has Already Been Exposed and Are Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2?

Brazil’s COVID-19 Epicenter in Manaus: How Much of the Population Has Already Been Exposed and Are Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2?

Secondary household transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 among children and adolescents: Clinical and epidemiological aspects

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 over four epidemic waves in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A prospective cohort study

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