SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Review on Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms

Shoraka, Shahrzad; Ferreira, Maria Lúcia Brito; Mohebbi, Seyed Reza; Ghaemi, Amir

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.674922

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…It is characterized by acute, ascending, areflexic paralysis with albuminocytologic dissociation [75]. Molecular mimicry between a microbial and neural antigen is an essential driving force in this disease [76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

O'Loughlin

Toledo

Budrie

et al. 2021

Neurology International

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SARS-CoV-2 infection in children produces mild respiratory symptoms or no symptoms at all in most cases. Some pediatric patients develop a severe complication associated with high mortality, the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In both scenarios, there are reports of neurological manifestations. This article aims to review the cases of pediatric patients with severe neurological issues and a coexisting positive SARS-CoV-2 test. A literature search was performed between March 2020 and May 2021. The results included the data from 41 studies, with 159 children with severe neurological manifestations, within an age range from 24 h to 17 years. The neurological disorders included 38 cases with stroke, 32 with encephalitis, 22 with encephalopathy, and 10 with Guillain–Barre syndrome. Sixty-five out of 159 cases with severe neurological manifestations were diagnosed with MIS-C. Direct neuroinvasion and the exaggerated immune response in some patients seem to be the most critical factors triggering these manifestations. Further research in the ongoing pandemic is needed to elucidate the precise mechanism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

O'Loughlin

Toledo

Budrie

et al. 2021

Neurology International

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“…COVID-19 cases document that rhabdomyolysis causes weakness, discomfort, and tenderness in the lower limbs. Some patients experienced weariness, discomfort in their muscles, and higher levels of muscle enzymes, which may indicate virus-induced muscle damage and inflammation [39][40][41].…”

Section: Muscle Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19

Magar¹,

Lokhandwala²,

Batool³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The coronavirus can infect the upper respiratory tract, sinuses, and nose, and its severity manifests in its respiratory symptoms and neurological and psychological consequences. The majority of people who have COVID-19 present with moderate flu-like illness, and patients who are elderly with comorbid conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, are more prone to experience severe illness and death. However, in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, neurological consequences have become a substantial source of morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 poses a global hazard to the nervous system because of its widespread dispersion and multiple pathogenic pathways. This review offers a critical assessment of the acute and long-term neurological effects of the COVID-19 virus. Some neurological problems include headache, dizziness, myalgia/fatigue, meningitis, ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and myelitis. Other people who have contracted COVID-19 also exhibit neurological features such as loss of taste and smell, reduced consciousness, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. This study seeks to help neurologists comprehend the wide range of neurologic aspects of COVID-19, as understanding neurological symptoms may help with the management and enhance the patient's outcomes.

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“…Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nerves, first described by Guillain, Barré, and Strohl in 1916 [1]. The onset of GBS is usually preceded by an infection, often of respiratory or gastrointestinal origin, it then clinically presents as rapidly progressing bilateral weakness accompanied by slightly diminished sensation, autonomic dysfunction, and hyporeflexia [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-Induced Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Brooks¹,

Mix²,

Buck³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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This case report involves a 47-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) with a positive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test and symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies reported an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP). The patient underwent intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) treatment and four weeks of acute inpatient rehabilitation with some functional improvement but remained unable to ambulate independently at discharge.

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Review on Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms

Cited by 25 publications

References 122 publications

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A Systematic Review of Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19

COVID-19-Induced Guillain-Barré Syndrome

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