SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity in individuals with prior seasonal coronavirus infection

Gombar, Saurabh; Bergquist, Timothy; Pejaver, Vikas; Hammarlund, Noah; Murugesan, Kanagavel; Mooney, Sean D.; Shah, Nigam H.; Pinsky, Benjamin A.; Banaei, Niaz

doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.20243741

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Ng et al 2020 found that less than 1% of pre-pandemic samples showed SARS-CoV-2 RBD binding antibodies. This suggests that the majority of HCoV antibodies do not cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 and is in keeping with our results that HCoV neutralisation is not correlated with SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation, nor does it provide protection against COVID-19, which is consistent with a similar study (30). On the other hand, a study observed that a recent HCoV infection may provide some degree of protection (31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endemic Seasonal Coronavirus Neutralisation and COVID-19 severity

Wells

Cantoni

Mayora-Neto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The virus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic, spread rapidly around the world causing high morbidity and mortality because humans have no pre-existing immunity. However, there are four known, endemic seasonal coronaviruses in humans (HCoVs) and whether antibodies for these HCoVs play a role in severity of COVID-19 disease has generated a lot of interest. Of these seasonal viruses NL63 is of particular interest as it uses the same cell entry receptor as SARS-CoV-2.We use functional, neutralising assays to investigate cross reactive antibodies and their relationship with COVID-19 severity. We analysed neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2, NL63, HKU1, and 229E in 38 COVID-19 patients and 62 healthcare workers, and a further 182 samples to specifically study the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and NL63.We found that although HCoV neutralisation was very common there was little evidence that these antibodies neutralised SARS-CoV-2. Despite no evidence in cross neutralisation, levels of NL63 neutralisating antibodies become elevated after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through infection or following vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endemic Seasonal Coronavirus Neutralisation and COVID-19 severity

Wells

Cantoni

Mayora-Neto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Prior studies have not found protection against infection, as participants with recent documented infection with an endemic HCoV had similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition than those without recent HCoV infection 37-39 . Regarding anti-disease protection, COVID-19 patients with a recent HCoV diagnosis had statistically significant lower odds for COVID-19 intensive care unit admission and death 39 , but other studies did not find any association between confirmed prior history of seasonal HCoVs and COVID-19 severity 37,38 . Some recent studies have suggested that this pre-existing immunity would not confer cross-protection but, rather, be responsible for an immunological imprinting or ‘original antigenic sin’, a phenomenon well studied for influenza virus infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and protective role of pre-existing antibodies to seasonal human coronaviruses on COVID-19

Ortega

Ribes

Vidal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Unraveling long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the factors influencing its course, like prior antibody levels to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity and effective surveillance strategies. Antibody levels against six SARS-CoV-2 and four HCoV antigens were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry in a cohort of health care workers followed-up for 6 months. Seroprevalence increased over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1), to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies were stable over time, except IgG against nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that waned. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increased from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. The neutralizing capacity of antibodies was maintained. Pre-existing antibodies to alpha-HCoV were lower in individuals who subsequently seroconverted for SARS-CoV-2. IgG and IgA to HCoV were significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.

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“…Regions within N and S antigens with high amino acid homology between SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV are potential targets of cross-reactive antibodies [33][34][35][36] , and could exert cross-protective effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or disease. Prior studies have not found protection against infection, as participants with recent documented infection with an endemic HCoV had similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition than those without recent HCoV infection [37][38][39] . Regarding anti-disease protection, COVID-19 patients with a recent HCoV diagnosis had statistically significant lower odds for COVID-19 intensive care unit admission and death 39 , but other studies did not find any association between confirmed prior history of seasonal HCoVs and COVID-19 severity 37,38 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Prior studies have not found protection against infection, as participants with recent documented infection with an endemic HCoV had similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition than those without recent HCoV infection [37][38][39] . Regarding anti-disease protection, COVID-19 patients with a recent HCoV diagnosis had statistically significant lower odds for COVID-19 intensive care unit admission and death 39 , but other studies did not find any association between confirmed prior history of seasonal HCoVs and COVID-19 severity 37,38 . Some recent studies have suggested that this pre-existing immunity would not confer cross-protection but, rather, be responsible for an immunological imprinting or 'original antigenic sin', a phenomenon well studied for influenza virus infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unraveling the long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the individual characteristics influencing it, including the impact of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity to COVID-19 and devise effective surveillance strategies. IgM, IgA and IgG levels against six SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the nucleocapsid antigen of the four HCoV (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry, in a cohort of health care workers followed up to 7 months (N = 578). Seroprevalence increases over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1) to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies, including those with neutralizing capacity, are stable over time, except IgG to nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that wane. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increase from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. IgG and IgA to HCoV are significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity in individuals with prior seasonal coronavirus infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Endemic Seasonal Coronavirus Neutralisation and COVID-19 severity

Endemic Seasonal Coronavirus Neutralisation and COVID-19 severity

Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and protective role of pre-existing antibodies to seasonal human coronaviruses on COVID-19

Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses

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