Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses

Ortega, Natalia; Ribes, Marta; Vidal, Marta; Rubio, Rocío; Aguilar, Ruth; Williams, Sarah; Barrios, Diana; Alonso, Selena; Hernández-Luis, Pablo; Mitchell, Robert A.; Jairoce, Chenjerai; Cruz, Angeline; Jiménez, Alfons; Santano, Rebeca; Méndez, Susana; Lamoglia, Montserrat; Rosell, Neus; Llupià, Anna; Puyol, Laura; Chi, Jordi; Rodrigo, Natalia; Parras, Daniel; Serra, Pau; Pradenas, Edwards; Trinité, Benjamín; Blanco, Julià; Mayor, Alfredo; Barroso, Sónia; Varela, Pilar; Vilella, Anna; Trilla, Antoni; Santamaría, Pere; Carolis, Carlo; Tortajada, Marta; Izquierdo, Luís; Angulo, Ana; Engel, Pablo; García‐Basteiro, Alberto L.; Moncunill, Gemma; Dobaño, Carlota

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24979-9

Cited by 113 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A few population-based SARS-CoV-2 sero-studies have been conducted since the beginning of the pandemic (for review see [ 2 ]), most of them reporting sero-prevalences during or after the first wave. Up to now, only the Spanish national study reported the results of their follow-up data [ 25 ] with a sero-prevalence at follow-up (November 2020) of 5%, and thus comparable to our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

From first to second wave: follow-up of the prospective COVID-19 cohort (KoCo19) in Munich (Germany)

Radon

Bakuli²,

Pütz

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background In the 2nd year of the COVID-19 pandemic, knowledge about the dynamics of the infection in the general population is still limited. Such information is essential for health planners, as many of those infected show no or only mild symptoms and thus, escape the surveillance system. We therefore aimed to describe the course of the pandemic in the Munich general population living in private households from April 2020 to January 2021. Methods The KoCo19 baseline study took place from April to June 2020 including 5313 participants (age 14 years and above). From November 2020 to January 2021, we could again measure SARS-CoV-2 antibody status in 4433 of the baseline participants (response 83%). Participants were offered a self-sampling kit to take a capillary blood sample (dry blood spot; DBS). Blood was analysed using the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche). Questionnaire information on socio-demographics and potential risk factors assessed at baseline was available for all participants. In addition, follow-up information on health-risk taking behaviour and number of personal contacts outside the household (N = 2768) as well as leisure time activities (N = 1263) were collected in summer 2020. Results Weighted and adjusted (for specificity and sensitivity) SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence at follow-up was 3.6% (95% CI 2.9–4.3%) as compared to 1.8% (95% CI 1.3–3.4%) at baseline. 91% of those tested positive at baseline were also antibody-positive at follow-up. While sero-prevalence increased from early November 2020 to January 2021, no indication of geospatial clustering across the city of Munich was found, although cases clustered within households. Taking baseline result and time to follow-up into account, men and participants in the age group 20–34 years were at the highest risk of sero-positivity. In the sensitivity analyses, differences in health-risk taking behaviour, number of personal contacts and leisure time activities partly explained these differences. Conclusion The number of citizens in Munich with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was still below 5% during the 2nd wave of the pandemic. Antibodies remained present in the majority of SARS-CoV-2 sero-positive baseline participants. Besides age and sex, potentially confounded by differences in behaviour, no major risk factors could be identified. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures are thus still important.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

From first to second wave: follow-up of the prospective COVID-19 cohort (KoCo19) in Munich (Germany)

Radon

Bakuli²,

Pütz

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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“…The baseline study population included randomly selected HCW from HCB who delivered care and services directly or indirectly to patients. Detailed characteristics of the study cohort have been described elsewhere [36][37][38]. Participants were recruited at the peak of the first wave of the pandemic in Spain (study month 0, M0) [36] and performed 2 additional visits at study month 1 (M1) and month 6 (M6) [37].…”

Section: Study Design Population and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed characteristics of the study cohort have been described elsewhere [36][37][38]. Participants were recruited at the peak of the first wave of the pandemic in Spain (study month 0, M0) [36] and performed 2 additional visits at study month 1 (M1) and month 6 (M6) [37]. Participants with any previous evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were invited to participate at study months 3 (M3) [38] and 9 (M9) follow-up visits.…”

Section: Study Design Population and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since March 2020, we have followed up a cohort of 578 health care workers (HCW) at Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (HCB), Spain [36]. After 6 months of follow-up (October 2020) the cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on real-time reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or serology data was 19.6%, but most of the infections occurred during the first wave of the pandemic [37]. Most of the infected individuals maintained IgG levels against S antigens and their neutralizing capacity up to 7 months [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 6 months of follow-up (October 2020) the cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on real-time reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or serology data was 19.6%, but most of the infections occurred during the first wave of the pandemic [37]. Most of the infected individuals maintained IgG levels against S antigens and their neutralizing capacity up to 7 months [37]. In the present study, we evaluated the IgA, IgG and IgM levels and their neutralizing capacity early after vaccination with one or two doses of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines, investigated the impact of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection history and antibody responses, and other variables like vaccine reactogenicity, comorbidities, or smoking habit, and report the breakthrough infections among fully vaccinated participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of early antibody responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in exposed and naive healthcare workers

Moncunill

Aguilar

Ribes

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Two doses of mRNA vaccination have shown >94% efficacy at preventing COVID-19 mostly in naive adults, but it is not clear if the second dose is needed to maximize effectiveness in those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and what other factors affect responsiveness. Methods We measured IgA, IgG and IgM levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens from the wild-type and S from the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants of concern, after BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination in a cohort of health care workers (N=578). Neutralizing capacity and antibody avidity were evaluated. Data were analyzed in relation to COVID-19 history, comorbidities, vaccine doses, brand and adverse events. Findings Vaccination induced robust IgA and IgG levels against all S antigens. Neutralization capacity and S IgA and IgG levels were higher in mRNA-1273 vaccinees, previously SARS-CoV-2 exposed, particularly if symptomatic, and in those experiencing systemic adverse effects. A second dose in pre-exposed did not increase antibody levels. Smoking and comorbidities were associated with lower neutralization and antibody levels. Among fully vaccinated, 6.3% breakthroughs were detected up to 189 days post-vaccination. Among pre-exposed non-vaccinated, 90% were IgG seropositive more than 300 days post-infection. Interpretation Our data support administering a single-dose in pre-exposed healthy individuals. However, heterogeneity of responses suggests that personalized recommendations may be necessary depending on COVID-19 history and life-style. Higher mRNA-1273 immunogenicity would be beneficial for those expected to respond worse to vaccination. Persistence of antibody levels in pre-exposed unvaccinated indicates maintenance of immunity up to one year.

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The kinetics and predictors of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies up to 8 months after symptomatic COVID‐19: A Czech cross‐sectional study

Štěpánek

Janošíková

Štěpánek

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The presence of neutralizing SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies indicates protection against (re)infection, however, the knowledge of their long‐term kinetics is limited. This study analyzed the presence of COVID‐19‐induced antibodies in unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) over the period of 1–8 months post symptom onset (SO) and explored the determinants of persisting immunoglobulin (Ig) seropositivity. Six hundred sixty‐two HCWs were interviewed for anamnestic data and tested for IgG targeting the spike protein (S1 and S2) and IgM targeting the receptor‐binding domain. A Cox regression model was used to explore potential predictors of seropositivity with respect to the time lapse between SO and serology testing. 82.9% and 44.7% of HCWs demonstrated IgG and IgM seropositivity, respectively, with a mean interval of 83 days between SARS‐CoV‐2 detection and serology testing. On average, HCWs reported seven symptoms in the acute phase lasting 20 days. IgG seropositivity rates among HCWs decreased gradually to 80%, 50%, and 35% at 3, 6, and 8 months after SO, while IgM seropositivity fell rapidly to 60%, 15%, and 0% over the same time intervals. The number of symptoms was the only predictor of persisting IgG seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 1.096, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.003–1.199, p = 0.043) and symptom duration a predictor of IgM seropositivity (OR 1.011, 95% CI 1.004–1.017, p = 0.002). Infection‐induced anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG rates drop to a third in seropositive participants over the course of 8 months. Symptom count and duration in the acute phase of COVID‐19 are both relevant to the subsequent kinetics of antibody responses.

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Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses

Cited by 113 publications

References 53 publications

From first to second wave: follow-up of the prospective COVID-19 cohort (KoCo19) in Munich (Germany)

From first to second wave: follow-up of the prospective COVID-19 cohort (KoCo19) in Munich (Germany)

Determinants of early antibody responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in exposed and naive healthcare workers

The kinetics and predictors of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies up to 8 months after symptomatic COVID‐19: A Czech cross‐sectional study

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