SARS‐CoV‐2 infection alters the gut microbiome in diabetes patients: A cross‐sectional study from Bangladesh

Mannan, Adnan; Hoque, M. Nazmul; Noyon, Sajjad Hossain; Mehedi, Hasan; Foisal, Javed; Salauddin, Asma; Islam, Saiful; Sharmen, Farjana; Tanni, Afroza Akter; Siddiki, Amam Zonaed; Tay, Chin Yen; Siddique, Moradul; Rahman, M. Shaminur; Galib, Syed Md; Akter, Farhana

doi:10.1002/jmv.28691

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure was correlated with increased ACE2 activity in blood. 39 , 40 A study found a higher concentration of ACE2 in the significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood plasma than in the control group. 41 However, it is yet to be determined if plasma ACE2 directly helps SARS‐CoV‐2 to replicate, but ACE2 release could cause endothelial dysfunction and hyperinflammation, and consequently, COVID‐19 might get progressively severe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic determinants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the clinical outcome of COVID‐19 in Southern Bangladesh

Hasan,

Saha,

Hamidullah Mehedi

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had a severe impact on population health. The genetic determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in southern Bangladesh are not well understood.MethodsThis study aimed to determine the genomic variation in SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes that have evolved over 2 years of the pandemic in southern Bangladesh and their association with disease outcomes and virulence of this virus. We investigated demographic variables, disease outcomes of COVID‐19 patients and genomic features of SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsWe observed that the disease severity was significantly higher in adults (85.3%) than in children (14.7%), because the expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE‐2) diminishes with ageing that causes differences in innate and adaptive immunity. The clade GK (n = 66) was remarkable between June 2021 and January 2022. Because of the mutation burden, another clade, GRA started a newly separated clustering in December 2021. The burden was significantly higher in GRA (1.5‐fold) highlighted in mild symptoms of COVID‐19 patients than in other clades (GH, GK, and GR). Mutations were accumulated mainly in S (22.15 mutations per segment) and ORF1ab segments. Missense (67.5%) and synonymous (18.31%) mutations were highly noticed in adult patients with mild cases rather than severe cases, especially in ORF1ab segments. Moreover, we observed many unique mutations in S protein in mild cases compared to severe, and homology modeling revealed that those might cause more folding in the protein's alpha helix and beta sheets.ConclusionOur study identifies some risk factors such as age comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease) that are associated with severe COVID‐19, providing valuable insight regarding prioritizing vaccination for high‐risk individuals and allocating health care and resources. The findings of this work outlined the knowledge and mutational basis of SARS‐CoV‐2 for the next treatment steps. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of structural and functional proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 in detail for monitoring the emergence of new variants in future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic determinants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the clinical outcome of COVID‐19 in Southern Bangladesh

Hasan,

Saha,

Hamidullah Mehedi

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To prove these associations, it is essential to identify the exact strains or species of microbes responsible for these effects, as well as to understand the mechanisms behind them. Previous cohort studies have not been able to resolve the microbiota at the species and strain level, as they only used 16S rRNA sequencing instead of shotgun metagenomics 119 , 120 . Moreover, interventional studies that tested how antibiotics or probiotics affect vaccination reactions have been too small to detect significant effects of the microbiota; however, they indicate that the microbiota may influence antibodies reactions more in people with lower preexisting immunity, and the innate immune responses or metabolome can be greatly impacted by the gut microbiota 40 , 121 .…”

Section: Discussion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive perspective on the interaction between gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccines

Hong

Lan

et al. 2023

Gut Microbes

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The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines varies between individuals and populations, and the reasons for this are still not fully understood. Recent clinical studies and animal models have indicated that the gut microbiota may influence the immunogenicity of the vaccine and, thus, its effectiveness. This suggests that there is a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the COVID-19 vaccine, with the varying components of the microbiota either enhancing or reducing the vaccine’s efficacy. To put an end to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of vaccines that create powerful and long-term immunity is now more important than ever, and understanding the role of the gut microbiota in this process is essential. Conversely, COVID-19 vaccines also have a significant effect on the gut microbiota, decreasing its total number of organisms and the variety of species present. In this Review, we analyze the evidence that suggesting an interaction between the gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, consider the immunological mechanisms that may be responsible for this connection, and explore the possibility of using gut microbiota-focused interventions to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.

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“…More abundant Shigella, Bacteroides, and Megamonas were detected in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic pathways including ribose transport system substrate-binding, bacterial/archaeal transporters, fructuronate reductase, GTP cyclohydrolase II, methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase, lysozyme, and aspartate ammonia-lyase were enriched in the gut microbes of diabetes patients, while pathways such as copper resistance, D-galactarolactone cycloisomerase, alpha-galactosidase, DNA repair, crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase, valine-pyruvate amino-transferase, cytidine2498-2′-O-methyltransferase, phosphoribosylformimino-5-aminoimidazole carboxamide, and a large subunit ribosomal protein were suppressed [ 47 ]. In this study, it was identified that, along with altered microbial compositions, multiple KEGG pathways in the aspect of microbial functions varied between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BBIBP-CorV Vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Affects the Gut Microbiome

et al. 2023

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Several observational studies have confirmed that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) might substantially affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system by replicating in human small intestine enterocytes. Yet, so far, no study has reported the effects of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccines on gut microbiota alterations. In this study, we examined the effects of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine (ChiCTR2000032459, sponsored by the Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm), on gut microbiota. Fecal samples were collected from individuals whoreceived two doses of intramuscular injection of BBIBP-CorV and matched unvaccinated controls. DNA extracted from fecal samples was subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing analysis. The composition and biological functions of the microbiota between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were compared. Compared with unvaccinated controls, vaccinated subjects exhibited significantly reduced bacterial diversity, elevated firmicutes/bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios, a tendency towards Faecalibacterium-predominant enterotypes, and altered gut microbial compositions and functional potentials. Specifically, the intestinal microbiota in vaccine recipients was enriched with Faecalibacterium and Mollicutes and with a lower abundance of Prevotella, Enterococcus, Leuconostocaceae, and Weissella. Microbial function prediction by phylogenetic investigation of communities using reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis further indicated that Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transcription were positively associated with vaccine inoculation, whereas capacities in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers were negatively affected by vaccines. Vaccine inoculation was particularly associated with gut microbiota alterations, as was demonstrated by the improved composition and functional capacities of gut microbiota.

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SARS‐CoV‐2 infection alters the gut microbiome in diabetes patients: A cross‐sectional study from Bangladesh

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Genetic determinants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the clinical outcome of COVID‐19 in Southern Bangladesh

Genetic determinants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the clinical outcome of COVID‐19 in Southern Bangladesh

A comprehensive perspective on the interaction between gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccines

BBIBP-CorV Vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Affects the Gut Microbiome

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