SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Norway rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) from New York City

Wang, Yan; Lenoch, Julianna B.; Köhler, D; DeLiberto, Thomas J.; Tang, Cynthia; Li, Tao; Tao, Yizhi Jane; Guan, Minhui; Compton, Susan R; Zeiss, Caroline J.; Hang, Jun; Wan, Xiu‐Feng

doi:10.1101/2022.11.18.517156

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, based on the similarities of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2 (TMPRSS2), both recognized as receptors and protease for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, wild rodents were proposed as having a high potential risk of infection by this virus 15 . However, empirical evidence obtained in a previous study 7 and in this study suggests that urban wild rodents, such as the M. musculus and R. norvergicus, have a low rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we found that 12.1% of M. musculus and 5.8% of R. norvegicus were infected with SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Here, we found that 12.1% of M. musculus and 5.8% of R. norvegicus were infected with SARS-CoV-2. In a study performed with 79 R. norvegicus captured in New York City during the fall of 2021, showed that 16.5% had titers of IgG-or IgM-positive for SARS-CoV-2 and four rats (5%) were RT-qPCR positive 7 . Another study performed with 80 R. norvegicus and 69 mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) trapped in an urban park and sewage treatment facility in Liverpool, UK, showed that seven rats (8.7%) had positive titers of IgA in lung tissue fluid 8 , whereas in two of 213 (0.9%) thoracic cavity fluid samples of R. norvegicus from Windsor, Canada, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were identified 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although one research article reported finding molecular evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in urban brown rats 7 , other studies have shown inconsistent results. Some studies have found brown rats with positive serology but negative molecular detection for SARS-CoV-2 8,9 , in contrast to others which have not detected any positive rodents by either serology or molecular testing 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rodents from Southern Mexico City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

Martínez-Hernández,

Gonzalez-Arenas,

Cervantes

et al. 2024

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Currently, there are some concerns about the situation and, in particular, about the future of the COVID-19 pandemic and the new emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Rodents are an example of synanthropic animals in urban environments that harbor important zoonoses. Although the molecular identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Rattus norvegicus from New York City had been reported, in other studies, urban wild rodents infected with this virus have not been found. This study aimed to molecularly identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wild rodents from Mexico City, trapped along a water channel of a public park as part of a pest control program, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the fall and winter of 2020. Up to 33 Mus musculus and 52 R. norvegicus were captured and euthanized, large intestine samples with feces from the animals were obtained. RNAs were obtained and subjected to qRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 identification and threshold cycle (Ct) values were obtained. Four mice (12.1%) and three rats (5.8%) were positive, three rodents exhibited Ct<30. Our results on the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rats are in line with other previous reports. Thus, similar to other authors, we suggest that surveillance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wild rodents, as sentinel animals, should be maintained.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rodents from Southern Mexico City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

Martínez-Hernández,

Gonzalez-Arenas,

Cervantes

et al. 2024

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…Samples were collected from the wastewater system. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was found in them [ 44 ]. It is now well established in the literature that both species jump and species regression occurs in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Bacteriophage Behavior of a Human RNA Virus, SARS-CoV-2, through the Integrated Approach of Immunofluorescence Microscopy, Proteomics and D-Amino Acid Quantification

Brogna¹,

Costanzo

Brogna

et al. 2023

IJMS

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SARS-CoV-2, one of the human RNA viruses, is widely studied around the world. Significant efforts have been made to understand its molecular mechanisms of action and how it interacts with epithelial cells and the human microbiome since it has also been observed in gut microbiome bacteria. Many studies emphasize the importance of surface immunity and also that the mucosal system is critical in the interaction of the pathogen with the cells of the oral, nasal, pharyngeal, and intestinal epithelium. Recent studies have shown how bacteria in the human gut microbiome produce toxins capable of altering the classical mechanisms of interaction of viruses with surface cells. This paper presents a simple approach to highlight the initial behavior of a novel pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, on the human microbiome. The immunofluorescence microscopy technique can be combined with spectral counting performed at mass spectrometry of viral peptides in bacterial cultures, along with identification of the presence of D-amino acids within viral peptides in bacterial cultures and in patients’ blood. This approach makes it possible to establish the possible expression or increase of viral RNA viruses in general and SARS-CoV-2, as discussed in this study, and to determine whether or not the microbiome is involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the viruses. This novel combined approach can provide information more rapidly, avoiding the biases of virological diagnosis and identifying whether a virus can interact with, bind to, and infect bacteria and epithelial cells. Understanding whether some viruses have bacteriophagic behavior allows vaccine therapies to be focused either toward certain toxins produced by bacteria in the microbiome or toward finding inert or symbiotic viral mutations with the human microbiome. This new knowledge opens a scenario on a possible future vaccine: the probiotics vaccine, engineered with the right resistance to viruses that attach to both the epithelium human surface and gut microbiome bacteria.

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“…The turbinate was homogenized in 1 ml of the same medium. The debris were pelleted by centrifugation for 10 min at 12,000 × g. Their infectious virus titers were determined by TCID50 with MDCK cells (for influenza viral titers) or Vero E6 cells (for SARS-CoV-2 viral titers) as previously described (64,65).…”

Section: Infectious Viral Titration By Tcid50mentioning

confidence: 99%

A 10-valent composite mRNA vaccine against both influenza and COVID-19

Wang,

Ma,

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 viruses has had a persistent and significant impact on global public health for four years. Recently, there has been a resurgence of seasonal influenza transmission worldwide. The co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza viruses results in a dual burden on communities. Additionally, the pandemic potential of zoonotic influenza viruses, such as avian Influenza A/H5N1 and A/H7N9, remains a concern. Therefore, a combined vaccine against all these respiratory diseases is in urgent need. mRNA vaccines, with their superior efficacy, speed in development, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, offer a promising solution for such infectious diseases and potential future pandemics. In this study, we present FLUCOV-10, a novel 10-valent mRNA vaccine created from our proven platform. This vaccine encodes hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from four seasonal influenza viruses and two avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential, as well as spike proteins from four SARS-CoV-2 variants. A two-dose immunization with the FLUCOV-10 elicited robust immune responses in mice, producing IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and antigen-specific cellular immune responses against all the vaccine-matched viruses of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Remarkably, the FLUCOV-10 immunization provided complete protection in mouse models against both homologous and heterologous strains of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. These results highlight the potential of FLUCOV-10 as an effective vaccine candidate for the prevention of influenza and COVID-19.

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SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from New York City

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rodents from Southern Mexico City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rodents from Southern Mexico City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

Analysis of Bacteriophage Behavior of a Human RNA Virus, SARS-CoV-2, through the Integrated Approach of Immunofluorescence Microscopy, Proteomics and D-Amino Acid Quantification

A 10-valent composite mRNA vaccine against both influenza and COVID-19

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