SARS-CoV-2 among the Potential Viral Triggers for Vogt-Konayagi-Harada Disease: First Case Report and Literature Review

Santamaria, A; Chang, Julian; Savarain, Christian

doi:10.1080/09273948.2021.1966052

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…19 Their patient presented 6 weeks after acute respiratory infection and was found to have positive COVID-19 viral PCR in addition to typical VKH findings. 19 Many other ocular manifestations of COVID-19 infection have been reported in a systematic review by Aggarwal. 20 He reported that ocular manifestations are found in 8%-15% of COVID-19-infected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, it is possible that the immunological trigger for VKH in our patient was COVID‐19 if COVID infection onset was prior to the 2‐week history of VKH symptom onset, or during the prodromal VKH phase. Santamaria et al reported one of multiple possible associations between COVID‐19 and VKH 19 . Their patient presented 6 weeks after acute respiratory infection and was found to have positive COVID‐19 viral PCR in addition to typical VKH findings 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Santamaria et al reported one of multiple possible associations between COVID‐19 and VKH 19 . Their patient presented 6 weeks after acute respiratory infection and was found to have positive COVID‐19 viral PCR in addition to typical VKH findings 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome in the setting of COVID‐19 infection

Eatz

2023

Clinical Case Reports

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Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a T-cellmediated multisystemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by skin, ocular, auditory, and neurologic involvement. The T-cell-mediated granulomatous intraocular inflammation is responsible for vitritis, disk edema, serous retinal detachments, and eventual sunset glow fundus. 1 T cells target melanocytes, with an ensuing cascade leading to four distinct disease phases as follows: prodromal, uveitis, convalescent, and recurrent. 2 VKH symptoms include headache, meningismus, hearing loss, poliosis, alopecia, and vitiligo. 3 It is most prevalent in Asians, Native Americans, Hispanics, and Middle Easterners. If promptly and adequately treated, patients can experience good outcomes and avoid complications including sunset glow fundus, cataracts, glaucoma, subretinal fibrosis, and choroidal neovascularization. Some studies have reported the link between some viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the development of VKH. It has been postulated that similarity between peptides on melanocytes and some exogenous viral peptides lead to adverse T cells attacks on melanocytes-containing tissues and lead to the symptoms seen in VKH. 4 We report a case of a VKH syndrome in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19. | CASE REPORTA 27-year-old male patient with no significant past medical history presented with a two-week history of intermittent unilateral headache, bilateral eye pain with photophobia, and phonophobia, followed by tinnitus and blurry vision, which ultimately progressed to total bilateral vision loss. His initial physical examination was unremarkable including vitals, except for total bilateral visual loss with preserved light perception. An ophthalmologic examination revealed normal intraocular pressure and panuveitis with serous retinal detachments bilaterally.The patient was admitted for further evaluation. Infectious work-up revealed positive COVID-19 PCR. Other infectious and metabolic panels were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid studies (CSF), venereal disease research laboratory test (VDRL), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA), QuantiFERON gold, flow cytometry, cytology, and cultures were all negative, except for moderate pleocytosis with lymphocytic predominance

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome in the setting of COVID‐19 infection

Eatz

2023

Clinical Case Reports

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“…Moreover, the viral vector-based vaccine ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) contains no adjuvant, so adjuvant-induced VKHD may not account for all pathogenic mechanisms. Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the melanocyte hypothesis is very unlikely due to the extreme rarity, with only two case reports of VKHD followed in millions of confirmed COVID-19 cases [13] , [14] . According to these data, further observations and investigations are required to better define the underlying pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 vaccine-induced VKHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273 vaccination

Rujkorakarn

Patamatamkul

2023

Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie

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“…Cases of VKH disease associated with microbial infection, such as influenza A virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and tuberculosis, have been reported in the literature [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. With the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 in recent years, COVID-19 infection has also been reported as a stimulator of VKH disease [ 17 , 18 ]. It is worth noting that the intense relationship between VKH disease and diversified vaccines has been more commonly recorded, including for vaccines against Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), yellow fever, hepatitis B, papillomavirus, and COVID-19 [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probable Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination: Case Report and Literature Review

Ding

Chang

2022

Vaccines

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COVID-19 vaccination is considered the most effective and promising approach for the elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic globally. Although the vaccine has been proven to be safe, as evidenced by the promotion of mass vaccination, new side effects, including several ocular complications that were not described during the experimental stage, are now emerging. In the present study, we report a 33-year-old Chinese man who developed probable Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease only one day after his first dose of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, without any systemic symptoms. His medical history was unremarkable, except for hypertension. Although successfully relieved by oral prednisone, the patient progressed to the chronic stage of VKH disease with ocular depigmentation 4 months after onset. By reviewing similar cases previously reported, we discuss and summarize the common characteristics of VKH disease associated with vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, as well as the possible mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Although the causality is unclear, ophthalmologists and generalists should be aware of this possible ocular adverse effect after COVID-19 vaccination.

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SARS-CoV-2 among the Potential Viral Triggers for Vogt-Konayagi-Harada Disease: First Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome in the setting of COVID‐19 infection

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome in the setting of COVID‐19 infection

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273 vaccination

Probable Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination: Case Report and Literature Review

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