Sarri et al. Reply:

Abstract

Sarri et al. Reply: The Comment [1] reports on independent numerical simulations of the experimental results in Ref. [2]. Positron yields and spectra similar to those in Ref. [2] are numerically obtained, but with a larger divergence. A larger positron source size at the rear of the converter is hence inferred, resulting in a smaller positron density. Since the publication of the Letter, comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations of the characteristics of such positron beams have already been published by members of our collaboration [3]. The simulations discussed in the Comment are only a specific subset of this more extensive work, and largely agree with it on the divergence.

Channel optimization of high-intensity laser beams in millimeter-scale plasmas

“…is in turn causes the ions to be expelled due to charge separation, resulting in the formation of a persistent low-density channel [5][6][7]. is channeling process is useful in a wide variety of applications in current-day physics research including ion beam generation via radiation pressure acceleration [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], electron injection in plasma wake eld accelerators [15][16][17][18], betatron emissions [19,20], and fast ignition inertial con nement fusion [21][22][23][24].…”

Ion‐acoustic solitary waves in e‐p‐i plasmas with (r, q)‐distributed electrons and kappa‐distributed positrons

“…Several studies have been devoted to non-linear electrostatic waves in e-p-i plasmas, [9][10][11][12][13][14] and it has been well established that wave propagation is considerably modified by the presence of positrons in e-i plasmas. [15][16][17] Ion-acoustic solitary (IAS) waves have been the most studied plasma waves in collisionless e-i plasmas since the 60s, beginning with the seminal work of Washimi and Taniuiti [18] , who derived the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation for these waves. Later, a non-linear ion-acoustic (IA) wave was investigated in e-p-i plasmas, and it was found that the addition of positron as a third component in a plasma with singly charged ions and Boltzmannian electrons supressed the soliton amplitude.…”

“…Several studies have been devoted to non‐linear electrostatic waves in e‐p‐i plasmas, [ 9–14 ] and it has been well established that wave propagation is considerably modified by the presence of positrons in e‐i plasmas. [ 15–17 ]…”

Enhancing positron production using front surface target structures

“…An alternative method is to inject laser produced high-energy electrons into high-Z target materials 4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , with the electrostatic field of the nucleus involved in the pair production process releasing the constraint on the laser E field intensity. As these high-energy electrons transport through the material, positrons are produced via two major mechanisms: the trident process and the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process 16 .…”