Sarcopenia and the Common Mental Disorders: a Potential Regulatory Role of Skeletal Muscle on Brain Function?

Pasco, Julie A.; Williams, Lana J.; Jacka, Felice N.; Stupka, Nicole; Brennan-Olsen, Sharon L.; Holloway, Kara L.; Berk, Michael

doi:10.1007/s11914-015-0279-7

Cited by 73 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Physical exercise enhances circulating BDNF, down-regulates systemic inflammation and is recognized as an effective treatment for depression and anxiety. Antidepressant treatment normalizes markers of inflammation and oxidative stress [39]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handgrip Strength and Factors Associated in Poor Elderly Assisted at a Primary Care Unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2016

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IntroductionSarcopenia is a condition diagnosed when the patient presents low muscle mass, plus low muscle strength or low physical performance. Muscle weakness in the oldest (dynapenia) is a major public health concern because it predicts future all-cause mortality and is associated with falls, disability, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Grip strength is a simple method for assessment of muscle function in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo estimate the grip strength and identify factors associated with handgrip strength variation in elderly people with low socioeconomic status.MethodsCross-sectional study based on a multidimensional assessment of primary care users that were 60 years or older. The sample size was calculated using an estimated prevalence of depression in older adults of 20%. A kappa coefficient of 0.6 with a 95% confidence interval was used to generate a conservative sample size of 180 individuals. Procedures: tests and scales to assess humor, cognition (MMSE), basic (ADL) and instrumental activities (IADL) of daily living, mobility (Timed Up and Go), strength, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and social support were applied. Questions about falls, chronic diseases and self-rated health (SRH) were also included. Statistical Analysis: Mean, standard deviation and statistical tests were used to compare grip strength means by demographic and health factors. A multivariate linear model was used to explain the relationship of the predictors with grip strength.ResultsThe group was composed predominantly by women (73%) with a very low level of education (mean 3 years of schooling), mean age of 73.09 (± 7.05) years old, good mobility and without IADL impairment. Mean grip strength of male and female were 31.86Kg (SD 5.55) and 21.69Kg (SD 4.48) [p- 0.0001], respectively. Low grip strength was present in 27.7% of women and 39.6% of men. As expected, men and younger participants had higher grip strength than women and older individuals. In the adjusted model, age (p- 0.03), female sex (p- 0.0001), mobility (p- 0.05), height (p- 0.03) and depression (p- 0.03) were independently associated with low grip strength. For every second more in the mobility test, there was a mean decrease of 0.08 Kg in the grip strength. Elders with depression had a mean reduction of 1.74Kg in the grip strength in relation to those in the comparison groups. There was an average reduction of 8.36Kg in the grip strength of elderly females relative to males. For each year of age after 60 years, it was expected an average reduction of 0.11 Kg in the grip strength.Conclusionour results suggest that low grip strength is associated with age, female sex, height, depression and mobility problems in poor elderly. Grip strength can be a simple, quick and inexpensive means of stratifying elders’ risk of sarcopenia in the primary care setting. Efforts should be made to recognize weaker persons and the conditions associated to low grip strength in order to target early interventions to prevent frailty and disability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handgrip Strength and Factors Associated in Poor Elderly Assisted at a Primary Care Unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2016

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“…35 Currently, the association between obesity and depression as well as between metabolic syndrome and depression has been confirmed by meta-analytic studies. 38 As decreased neurotrophic support of the brain has been associated with depression and anxiety, 41,42 sarcopenia may pose a vulnerability for these common mental disorders. These inconsistencies may be explained by the fact that none of these studies specifically addressed sarcopenic obesity.…”

Section: Sarcopenic Obesity As a Potential Risk Factor For Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sarcopenia rates vary widely in obese patients depending on the criteria used. 38 An increased proinflammatory state promotes insulin resistance by an increased level of circulating free fatty acids and glycerol. Recently, it has been hypothesized that contracting skeletal muscles contribute to brain preservation by the secretion of neurotrophic factors.…”

Section: Sarcopenic Obesity As a Potential Risk Factor For Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic obesity predicts nonremission of late‐life depression

Kokkeler

Berg

Comijs

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Background/objectives Aging‐related physiological changes like metabolic dysregulation and physical frailty are associated with depression and worsen its prognosis. Since central obesity is a key component of the metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia of physical frailty, we examined the association of sarcopenic obesity with depression cross‐sectional and over time. Methods Cohort study of depressed patients and a nondepressed comparison group. Setting Primary and secondary mental health care. Participants Three hundred seventy‐eight older (≥60 y) depressed patients of which 285 were followed up at 2 years and 132 nondepressed persons participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older (NESDO) persons. Measurements Sarcopenic obesity was based on predefined cutoffs for both maximum handgrip strength (assessed with a dynamometer) and waist circumference (dichotomous) as well as the product term of handgrip strength by waist circumference (dimensional). Depressive disorder according to DSM‐IV‐TR criteria was assessed with fully structured psychiatric interview at baseline and 2‐year follow‐up. Results Sarcopenic obesity was more prevalent among depressed patients compared with nondepressed participants (18.9% versus 10.7%, P = 0.030). Neither the dichotomous nor dimensional operationalization of sarcopenic obesity was associated with baseline depressive disorder when adjusted for covariates. Nonetheless, among depressed patients, logistic regression showed that the interaction of handgrip strength by waist circumference was associated with remitted depression at 2‐year follow‐up (P = 0.044). Only among patients with a low handgrip strength, a higher waist circumference predicted nonremission. Conclusion Among depressed patients, sarcopenic obesity predicts nonremission of depression. Therefore, combined exercise and nutritional interventions might be effective for depressed patients with sarcopenic obesity.

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“…Impairment of lower extremity performance and activities of daily living impairment have also been found to be both risk factors for or consequences to depression (15–17), frequently leading to sedentary behavior (18) and functional dependence among older persons (16). Most recently, an accumulation of evidence has suggested that diagnoses of sarcopenia and sarcopenia with obesity are associated with depression (19–22). However, large dataset studies have also reported findings on no associations between sarcopenia and depression (23, 24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Handgrip Strength Among U.S. Adults Aged 60 Years and Older from NHANES 2011â€“2014

Brooks

Titus

Bruce

et al. 2018

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objectives Sarcopenia is a gradual loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging. This muscle deterioration is linked to increased morbidity, disability, and other adverse outcomes. Although reduced handgrip strength can be considered a marker of sarcopenia and other aging-related decline in the elderly, there is limited research on this physical health problem in at-risk groups with common biopsychosocial conditions such as depression. Our primary objective was to ascertain level of combined handgrip strength and its relationship with depression among adults aged 60 years and older. Design Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were conducted with a cross-sectional survey dataset. Setting Secondary dataset from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants Community-dwelling, non-institutionalized adults ≥ 60 years old (n=3,421). Measurements The predictor variables included a positive screen for clinically relevant depression (referent=PHQ-9 score <10). The criterion variable of combined handgrip strength (kg) was determined using a dynamometer. Results Mean age and BMI were 69.9 years (51.5% female) and 28.8 kg/m2, respectively. Mean combined handgrip strength in the overall cohort was 73.5 and 46.6 kg in males and females, respectively. Three hundred thirty-six (9.8%) reported symptoms of depression. In unadjusted and fully adjusted models, depression was significantly associated with reduced handgrip strength (B = −0.26±0.79 and B = −0.19±0.08, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate handgrip strength has a significant inverse association with depression. Future longitudinal studies should investigate the causal processes and potential moderators and mediators of the relationships between depression and reduced handgrip strength. This information may further encourage the use of depression and handgrip strength assessments and aid in the monitoring and implementation of health care services that address both physical and mental health limitations among older adult populations.

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Sarcopenia and the Common Mental Disorders: a Potential Regulatory Role of Skeletal Muscle on Brain Function?

Cited by 73 publications

References 101 publications

Handgrip Strength and Factors Associated in Poor Elderly Assisted at a Primary Care Unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Handgrip Strength and Factors Associated in Poor Elderly Assisted at a Primary Care Unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Sarcopenic obesity predicts nonremission of late‐life depression

Depression and Handgrip Strength Among U.S. Adults Aged 60 Years and Older from NHANES 2011â€“2014

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