Sarcoidosis: Various Presentations, Coexisting Diseases and Malignancies

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease with a characteristic non-caseating granuloma formation. It affects women more than men. The lung is the most commonly affected organ, however, extrapulmonary involvement is also seen. Sarcoidosis can affect any organ or tissue and can also involve multiple organs simultaneously. As a disease, it shares clinical symptoms with a variety of autoimmune, non-autoimmune disorders and malignancies. Not only it mimics clinically, but it also coexists with these diseases, posing a significant diagnostic challenge. During this literature review, we obtained data from the previously published PubMed articles within the last five years and reviewed the possible etiological association and clinical coexistence between sarcoidosis and other diseases/malignancies. We aimed to determine the common clinical manifestations, various complex presentations of sarcoidosis and pathophysiological considerations for the association, and to emphasize the link with other diseases, particularly thyroid disorders/malignancies. Physicians should be aware of these associated diseases and should always make a clinical suspicion when confronting a sarcoidosis patient. Thus, a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for these associated conditions ought to be done in sarcoidosis patients to avoid any delay in the curative treatment for these coexisting diseases and to prevent substandard outcomes.

Sjögren’s Syndrome Complicated With Sarcoidosis With a Repetitive, Prolonged, Non-productive Cough

“…Important implications of this case report are that Sjögren's syndrome and sarcoidosis should be considered in patients with chronic cough of uncertain cause and the gum test should be used as a screening test because both diseases may present with Sicca symptoms such as the dry mouth. [8][9][10] In clinical practice for chronic cough, we can inexpensively screen for sicca symptoms by performing a gum test. [7,8] Although it is difficult to distinguish clearly whether the cause was sarcoidosis or Sjögren's syndrome at the time of recurrent cough in this patient, based on the results of the gum test and the stable condition of sarcoidosis, the sicca symptoms due to Sjögren's syndrome may have more impact on the recurrent cough.…”

Differential diagnosis of hypertrophic pachymeningitis: literature review

“…Sar koi do zë yra api brë þia ma kaip ne þi no mos etio lo gijos li ga, ku riai bû din gas gra nu lio mø for ma vi ma sis [38]. Li ga daþ niau siai pa þei dþia plau èius ir ja daþ niau siai ser ga 25-45 me tø am þiaus mo te rys.…”

“…Li ga daþ niau siai pa þei dþia plau èius ir ja daþ niau siai ser ga 25-45 me tø am þiaus mo te rys. Ki ti or ga nai átrau kia mi apie 30-50 % at ve jø, o neu ro sar koi do zë pa si reið kia iki 5-26 % vi sø sar koi do zës at ve jø [38]. Daþ nai tai bû na pir mo ji sarkoi do zës ið raið ka [38,39].…”

“…Ki ti or ga nai átrau kia mi apie 30-50 % at ve jø, o neu ro sar koi do zë pa si reið kia iki 5-26 % vi sø sar koi do zës at ve jø [38]. Daþ nai tai bû na pir mo ji sarkoi do zës ið raið ka [38,39]. Neu ro sar koi do zë ga li pa si reikð -11 Hipertrofinio pachimeningito diferencinë diagnostika: literatûros apþvalga 2 lentelë.…”

Association of BAFF and BAFF-R polymorphisms with sarcoidosis in a Greek patient cohort

“…Sarcoidosis is a rare, multisystemic, inflammatory disease, characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas [ 1 ]. Its prevalence differs depending on the geographic location, ethnicity, gender, and age; female gender and age between 25–45 are more likely to be affected [ 2 ].…”