Sarcoidosis in the Head and Neck: An Illustrative Review of Clinical Presentations and Imaging Findings

Chapman, Margaret N.; Fujita, Akifumi; Sung, Edward; Siegel, Cory; Nadgir, Rohini N.; Saito, Naoko; Sakai, Osamu

doi:10.2214/ajr.16.16058

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Abnormal high signal intensity may be seen in the optic nerve on T2weighted images, while contrast-enhanced T1weighted images may reveal nodular thickening and enhancement. However, these appearances are not specific and may be seen in other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions including optic neuritis, lymphoma, and carcinomatosis (81).…”

Section: Head and Neck Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lacrimal gland may be involved in up to 10% of patients with head and neck sarcoidosis, resulting in swollen eyelids or xeropthalmia (81). Both CT and MR imaging may show abnormally enlarged and enhancing lacrimal glands (81). Involvement of the extraocular muscle and orbital fat are rare manifestations of sarcoidosis.…”

Section: Head and Neck Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallium 67( 67 Ga)-citrate scintigraphy may show abnormal bilateral uptake in the parotid and lacrimal glands in patients with sarcoidosis, along with normal uptake in the nasopharyngeal mucosa, commonly referred to as "the panda sign" (81). However, this sign is not pathognomonic for sarcoidosis, because lym-phoma and Sjögren syndrome also may cause a similar appearance (81).…”

Section: Head and Neck Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In severe cases, patients may present with stridor, mandating urgent tracheostomy. The imaging findings are nonspecific, but the affected regions may show edema and nodular thickening (81).…”

Section: Head and Neck Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sarcoidosis from Head to Toe: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

Ganeshan¹,

Menias²,

Lubner³

et al. 2018

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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder characterized by development of noncaseating granulomas in various organs. Although the etiology of this condition is unclear, environmental and genetic factors may be substantial in its pathogenesis. Clinical features are often nonspecific, and imaging is essential to diagnosis. Abnormalities may be seen on chest radiographs in more than 90% of patients with thoracic sarcoidosis. Symmetric hilar and mediastinal adenopathy and pulmonary micronodules in a perilymphatic distribution are characteristic features of sarcoidosis. Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis may be seen in 25% of patients with the disease. Although sarcoidosis commonly involves the lungs, it can affect virtually any organ in the body. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/CT are useful in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis, but imaging features may overlap with those of other conditions. Familiarity with the spectrum of multimodality imaging findings of sarcoidosis can help to suggest the diagnosis and guide appropriate management. RSNA, 2018.

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Section: Head and Neck Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Head and Neck Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Head and Neck Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Head and Neck Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sarcoidosis from Head to Toe: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

Ganeshan¹,

Menias²,

Lubner³

et al. 2018

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“…An extratoracic disease can give an atypical symptomatology, which can be associated with more frequent diseases. This frequency results in a diagnosis that is delayed by months to years [2,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Imaging in Head and Neck Sarcoidosis

Milojevic

Tadić

Šobić-Šaranović

et al. 2019

JCM

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To determine the prevalence of head and neck sarcoidosis (HNS) and evaluate the role of hybrid molecular imaging in HNS. Between 2010 and 2018, 222 patients with chronic sarcoidosis and presence of prolonged symptoms of active disease were referred to FDG PET/CT. Active disease was found in 169 patients, and they were all screened for the presence of HNS. All patients underwent MDCT and assessment of the serum ACE level. Follow-up FDG PET/CT examination was done 19.84 ± 8.98 months after the baseline. HNS was present in 38 out of 169 patients. FDG uptake was present in: cervical lymph nodes (38/38), submandibular glands (2/38), cerebrum (2/38), and bone (1/38). The majority of patients had more than two locations of disease. After FDG PET/CT examination, therapy was changed in most patients. Fourteen patients returned to follow-up FDG PET/CT examination in order to assess the therapy response. PET/CT revealed active disease in 12 patients and complete remission in two patients. Follow-up ACE levels had no correlation with follow-up SUVmax level (ρ = −0.18, p = 0.77). FDG PET/CT can be useful in the detection of HNS and in the evaluation of the therapy response. It may replace the use of non-purposive mounds of insufficiently informative laboratory and radiological procedures.

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