Sarcocystis heydorni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) with cattle (Bos taurus) and human (Homo sapiens) cycle

Dubey, J. P.; Wilpe, Erna van; Calero‐Bernal, Rafael; Verma, Shiv Kumar; Fayer, Ronald

doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4645-2

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Currently known Sarcocystis spp. with zoonotic potential are S. hominis , S. heydorni and S. suihominis , all of which use humans as definitive host; the former two utilize cattle while S. suihominis uses pigs as intermediate hosts [ 29 , 40 ]. S. nesbitti is another important Sarcocystis spp.…”

Section: Zoonosis and Food Safety With Sarcocystosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystosis in South American camelids: The state of play revisited

Saeed

Rashid

Vaughan³

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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Members of the genus Sarcocystis (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) are intracellular protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals, resulting in economic losses in production animals worldwide. Sarcocystis spp. have indirect life-cycles where canids and felids serve as main definitive hosts while a range of domestic and wild animals serve as intermediate hosts, including South American camelids (SACs) such as alpacas, llamas and guanacos. These animals primarily occur in South American countries on Andean, elevated plains but in recent years, alpacas and llamas have become emerging animal industries in other parts of the world such as Australia, Europe and the USA due to their high-quality fiber, meat and hides. For instance, alpaca meat is becoming popular in many parts of the world due to its lower cholesterol content than other red meat, thereby it has the potential of a valuable product for both local and international markets. However, SAC meat can be degraded and/or even condemned due to the presence of macroscopic sarcocysts in skeletal muscles, leading to significant economic losses to farmers. The infection is generally asymptomatic, though highly pathogenic or even fatal Sarcocystis infections have also been reported in alpacas and llamas. Despite the economic importance of sarcocystosis in SACs, little is known about the life-cycle of parasites involved, disease transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and public health significance. This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the existing knowledge on the taxonomy, epidemiology, clinicopathology and diagnosis of Sarcocystis in SACs, highlights knowledge gaps and proposes future areas of research that could contribute to our better understanding of sarcocystosis in these animals.

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Section: Zoonosis and Food Safety With Sarcocystosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystosis in South American camelids: The state of play revisited

Saeed

Rashid

Vaughan³

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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“…The parasites form cysts that are found in the striated muscles and central nervous system of livestock, such as swine, cattle, and sheep [ 2 , 3 ]. Human can be infected with S. hominis, S. heydorni, and S. suihominis by consumption of undercooked meat containing the sarcocysts [ 2 , 4 ]. The European Food Safety Authority has classified S. hominis and S. suihominis as zoonotic hazards for which official meat inspections need to be vigilant [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystis species in wild and domestic sheep (Ovis ammon and Ovis aries) from China

Dong

Wang

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundSarcocystis species are intracellular protozoan parasites that can pose a threat to animal health and food safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of infection with Sarcocystis infection in sheep from China.ResultsIn total, 52.51% (335/638) of tissue samples from domestic sheep contained sarcocysts through examination by light microscopy. The organisms were identified as S. tenella and S. arieticanis by molecular assays. Macroscopic S. gigantea and S. medusiformis were not found. The average sarcocysts loading was 18.07 ± 29.87 per square centimeter in the myocardium of domestic sheep. Furthermore, two specimens of argali (Ovis ammon) were examined and sarcocysts were found in the myocardium of one animal. According to the sequence of the cox1 gene of sarcocysts from argali, it was speculated as S. tenella.ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence and parasite load of Sarcocystis in sheep from both central and northwest China. This report is the first to indicate that argali may be a natural intermediate host for S. tenella.

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“…are globally distributed protozoan parasites that infect a wide diversity of mammals, reptiles, and birds. Over 200 species of Sarcocystis have been described, which vary in their pathogenicity for the host, ranging from avirulent to severe disease; some species are zoonotic (Dubey et al 2015(Dubey et al , 2016. Among wild mammals, relatively little is known of Sarcocystis infection in the elk (Dubey et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological, morphological, and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis species in elk (Cervus elaphus) from Pennsylvania, USA

et al. 2018

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Sarcocystis sarcocysts are common in many species of domestic and wild animals. Here, we report sarcocystosis in muscles from 91 free range elk (Cervus elaphus) from Pennsylvania, USA, tested by histopathology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and DNA sequencing. Sarcocysts were detected in hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections from 83 of 91 (91.2%) elk, including 83/91 (91.2%) tongues and 15/17 (88.2%) hearts. With respect to age, sarcocysts were found in 0/5 calves, 8/9 (88.8%) yearlings, and 75/77 (97.4%) adults. Sarcocysts were identified in 62/69 (89.4%) females and 21/22 (91.2%) males. Associated lesions were mild and consisted of inflammatory foci around degenerate sarcocysts. There were two morphologically distinct sarcocysts based on wall thickness, thin (< 0.5 μm) and thick-walled (> 4.0 μm). Thin-walled sarcocysts had a TEM "type 2" and villar protrusions (vps), identical to Sarcocystis wapiti previously described from elk in western USA. This species was present both in tongue and heart samples and was detected in all infected elk. Thick-walled sarcocysts consisted of three morphologic variants, referred to herein as subkinds A, B, C. Subkind A sarcocysts were rare; only four sarcocysts were found in three elk. Histologically, they had a 5-8-μm thick wall with tufted vp. By TEM, the sarcocyst wall was "type 12" and appeared similar to Sarcocystis sybillensis, previously described from elk in USA. Subkind B, Sarcocystis sp.1 sarcocysts were also rare, found in only 1 elk. These sarcocysts had 6.7-7.3-μm-thick wall with TEM "type 15b" vp. Subkind C Sarcocystis sp.2 sarcocysts were more common (22/91). Morphologically, the sarcocyst wall was 6.1-6.8 μm thick and contained "type 10b" vp. Comparisons of ribosomal DNA loci with published sequences indicated all sarcocysts were similar to what has previously been isolated from cervid hosts across the northern hemisphere. Phylogenetic analysis placed the thin-walled S. wapiti within a strongly supported clade with S. linearis and S. taeniata, while the thick-walled cysts were very closely related to S. truncata, S. elongata, S. silva, and S. tarandi. Further sequencing is needed to produce molecular diagnostics to distinguish among these species. North American elk are hosts to multiple Sarcocystis species with diverse morphology, deriving from two separate evolutionary lineages.

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Sarcocystis heydorni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) with cattle (Bos taurus) and human (Homo sapiens) cycle

Cited by 47 publications

References 4 publications

Sarcocystosis in South American camelids: The state of play revisited

Sarcocystosis in South American camelids: The state of play revisited

Sarcocystis species in wild and domestic sheep (Ovis ammon and Ovis aries) from China

Histopathological, morphological, and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis species in elk (Cervus elaphus) from Pennsylvania, USA

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