SAR reduction using a single SRR superstrate for a dual-band antenna

Rosaline, Imaculate; Raghavan, S.

doi:10.3109/15368378.2016.1144065

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Meta-surfaces have been effective for enhancing gain by either absorbing energy in a certain direction or reflecting energy due to their unique properties. A number of attempts have been made in recent years to incorporate these metasurface (MS) based structures, such as artificial magnetic conductors, electromagnetic band gap structures, partial reflecting surfaces, and frequency-selective surfaces to redirect backward radiation of antennas [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The metamaterial acts as a filter at the designed frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel wearable monopole antenna with controlled SAR using metamaterial

Ramasamy

Abdulkareem

Jayasheela

2023

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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This article presents a flexible wearable KIT monopole antenna for biomedical application. A metamaterial unit cell is proposed to improve the antenna performance. The proposed antenna and the metamaterial are fabricated on 1 mm-thick polydimethylsiloxane substrate to operate in the ISM frequency band of 2.45 GHz. Integration of the metamaterial improves the gain and reduces the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the antenna. The overall dimension of the antenna with the metamaterial is 49 × 49 × 19 mm3. The designed antenna is investigated for the loading effect of the body by placing on the hand phantom model. Bending tolerances are also analyzed for x and y direction with various bend radii. Gain and SAR of the proposed antenna are 4.61 dBi and 0.868 W/kg. The results of the fabricated prototype show that the proposed wearable antenna is safe for biomedical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel wearable monopole antenna with controlled SAR using metamaterial

Ramasamy

Abdulkareem

Jayasheela

2023

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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“…Meta‐surfaces due to their unique properties they proved useful in either absorbing energy in certain direction are reflecting back energy into certain direction to improve gain . Recent year's several attempts are being made to incorporate these metasurface (MS) based structures like artificial magnetic conductors, electromagnetic band gap structures, frequency selective surface (FSS), resonators, and some parasitic elements to redirect this backward energy to reduce the SAR for flexible antennas …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific absorption rate reduction using metasurface unit cell for flexible polydimethylsiloxane antenna for 2.4 GHz wearable applications

Janapala

Nesasudha

Neebha

et al. 2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This article presents the design of a polydimethylsiloxane based flexible antenna for body worn applications. In order to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR) metasurface (MS) based unit cell is proposed. Copper foil of thickness 3 mil considered for conducting layers. The proposed antenna is designed with leaf structure and covers the WLAN ISM band 2.4 GHz without metasurface (NMS) and with metasurface (WMS) unit cell. The MS unit cell at the backside of the antenna does not cover the entire antenna but only a portion of it where the backward energy is highly concentrated. This yields better result in reducing the SAR with a very compact sized MS unit cell. This MS structure improves the gain of an antenna and also reduces the SAR, by directing the radiating energy in opposite direction from the human user. The proposed antenna NMS has a simulated SAR value of 2.53 W/kg at 2.4 GHz over volume of 1 g of tissue, whereas WMS it is reduced to 1.53 W/kg. The comparative analysis of the proposed antenna presented with the help of performance matrices like reflection coefficient, SAR, gain, and radiation patterns.

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“…In 2016, Rosaline et al 27 and Dutta et al 28 investigated the single SRR superstrate and diverse shielding material for the SAR reduction application. In 27 , the superstrate manifested dual resonance frequencies with a primary peak point occurred at 0.90 GHz. However, both research works have one familiar correspondence whereby they produced a similar resonance frequency of 1.80 GHz.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design

Ramachandran

Faruque

Siddiky

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of metamaterial application in absorption reduction of 5G electromagnetic (EM) energy in the human head tissue. In a general sense, the radio frequency (RF) energy that received by wireless mobile phone from the base station, will emit to surrounding when the devices are in active mode. Since the latest fifth generation technology standard for cellular networks is upon us, the emission of radiation from any wireless devices needs to be taken into consideration. This motivation helps to prepare this paper that focuses on construction of novel and compact square-shaped metamaterial (SM) design to reduce electromagnetic exposure to humans. The commercially available substrate material known as FR-4 with thickness of 1.6 mm was selected to place the metamaterial design on it. The electromagnetic properties and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analyses were carried out numerically by utilising high-performance 3D EM analysis, Computer Simulation Technology Studio (CST) software. Meanwhile, for the validation purpose, the metamaterial designs for both unit and array cells were fabricated to measure the electromagnetic properties of the material. From the numerical simulation, the introduced SM design manifested quadruple resonance frequencies in multi bands precisely at 1.246 (at L-band), 3.052, 3.794 (at S-band), and 4.858 (C-band) GHz. However, the comparison of numerically simulated and measured data reveals a slight difference between them where only the second resonance frequency was decreased by 0.009 GHz while other frequencies were increased by 0.002, 0.045, and 0.117 GHz in sequential order. Moreover, the SAR analysis recorded high values at 3.794 GHz with 61.16% and 70.33% for 1 g and 10 g of tissue volumes, respectively. Overall, our results demonstrate strong SAR reduction effects, and the proposed SM design may be considered a promising aspect in the telecommunication field.

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SAR reduction using a single SRR superstrate for a dual-band antenna

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

A novel wearable monopole antenna with controlled SAR using metamaterial

A novel wearable monopole antenna with controlled SAR using metamaterial

Specific absorption rate reduction using metasurface unit cell for flexible polydimethylsiloxane antenna for 2.4 GHz wearable applications

Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design

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