Sanitation and the commons: The role of collective action in sanitation use

Dickin, Sarah; Bisung, Elijah; Savadogo, Karim

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.09.009

Cited by 26 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Accountability within community committees can facilitate their continued activities, therefore promoting the sustainability of resources and services for which they are responsible. This requires that committees have internal feedback systems, take minutes and set agendas with written working plans, reflecting high self-organising capabilities, and a sense of obligation among committee members to attend meetings and take action to manage and maintain resources, thus contributing to sustainability of water and sanitation initiatives (17,25,39,41,46,47). Accountability to government entities (e.g., water boards) for reports and abiding by government policies can promote sustainability as it can hold committees and communities responsible for funds to maintain resources and services (15,17,48,49).…”

Section: Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They spread innovations by using their shared knowledge of the language, social, cultural and religious beliefs and their existing relationships with and within communities (30,31). Innovators and early adopters in a community include teachers (30,55), leaders (10,22,30,31,34,55,56), healthcare workers (30,42,55,57,58), and community committees (21,46,59,60). Diffusion can contribute to the three outcomes -access, change and sustainability.…”

Section: Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, infrastructure and service longevity in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review

Nelson

Drabarek

Jenkins

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Access to safe water and sanitation is considered a basic human right and a focus of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, many water and sanitation interventions do not have long lasting impacts in communities and are generally associated with high levels of failure. Limited information is available to understand what types of interventions work for whom and under what circumstances. Methods A realist review to understand how, and under what circumstances community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts access (to safe water and sanitation), change (in health status or behaviour), and sustainability (of resources and services). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to identify studies from low- and middle-income countries.Results We reviewed 56 studies conducted in 25 countries. We identified five mechanisms that explain access, change and sustainability outcomes: 1) accountability (policies and procedures to hold communities and committees responsible for their actions and outcomes of an initiative), 2) diffusion (spread of an idea or behaviour by innovators over time through communication amongst members of a community), 3) market (the interplay between demand and supply of a service or resource), 4) ownership (sense of possession and control of the service or resource), and 5) shame (a feeling of disgust in one’s behaviour or actions). Contextual elements identified include: community location, communities with similar characteristics, communication, leadership, fines/penalties, seasonality, resource dependency, access to resources and funding, community financial and technical skills and knowledge, leadership, ongoing support and acknowledgement of change, community connectedness and social cohesion, community willingness to pay, committees that followed and understood responsibilities, rules and management plans, active committees with women and community/committee involvement in the design, planning or implementation of the intervention. Conclusion The findings highlight five key mechanisms, impacted by 19 contextual factors that explain outcomes of community-based water and sanitation interventions. Policy makers, program implementers and institutions need to consider community dynamics, location, resources, committees and level of community involvement, prior to the introduction of community-based water and sanitation interventions.

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Section: Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, infrastructure and service longevity in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review

Nelson

Drabarek

Jenkins

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The findings of this article highlight the importance of local leadership. This is supported by other studies on local governance of water resources (Huntjens et al, 2012;Hutchings et al, 2015;Kyessi, 2005;Ostrom, 2011) and sanitation systems (Dickin et al, 2017), as well as work on change within organizations (Al-Haddad & Kontour, 2015;Kotter, 2012). Giest and Howlett (2014) highlight the importance of local leaders to selforganize and perform local governance.…”

Section: The Developed Frameworktheory-buildingmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…It also connects to group dynamics, which is highlighted as crucial in the literature on change management (Al-Haddad & Kontour, 2015). Many studies emphasize social capital as critical for community management, i.e., social networks, knowledge and trust among residents (Bisung et al, 2014;Calzada et al, 2017;Dickin et al, 2017). The prerequisite of collective action also includes financing, since obtaining financing depends on collective action in the case of community-managed systems.…”

Section: The Developed Frameworktheory-buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite extensive research on community-managed water services, there is a need to better understand community-based water and sanitation services (Mandara et al, 2013;Moriarty et al, 2013), especially from a multidisciplinary point of view (Kumar, 2018). Some authors, such as Calzada et al (2017) and Dickin, Bisung, and Savadogo (2017), argue that there are few in-depth studies regarding the underlying mechanisms behind community management, i.e., few theory-building studies. The study presented here was therefore not limited to a predetermined set of parameters but was inclusive and explorative in character.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of internal factors for community-managed water and wastewater systems in Cochabamba, Bolivia

Helgegren

McConville

Landaeta

et al. 2019

International Journal of Water Resources Development

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Community management is often seen as part of the solution to increase access to drinking water and wastewater management where municipal services are lacking. This article intends to increase the knowledge regarding self-organized communitymanaged water and wastewater systems in urban and peri-urban areas. A theory-building case-study approach, including three different neighbourhoods in Bolivia and their respective communitybased organizations, was selected. Four prerequisitesleadership, agreed vision, collective action and managementand associated enabling factors connected to three distinct planning and management phases were found to be of major importance for community-managed water and wastewater systems. ARTICLE HISTORY

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The role of social capital in community development: Insights from behavioral game theory and social network analysis

Sakamoto

2024

Sustainable Development

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This study examined the multifaceted nature of Social Capital (SC) in community development projects by using Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions in three urban Bangladeshi slums as a case study. Despite its recognized importance, the ambiguity surrounding SC has led to mixed outcomes, necessitating a more theorized approach to quantitatively assess SC. To address this, a comprehensive methodology was developed, specifically crafted for a community development context and incorporating standard SC questions, social network analysis indices, and an adherence to social norms through behavioral game theory. The analysis revealed varied SC profiles, with one slum achieving successful community toilet management through strong reciprocal ties. The other slums faced challenges due to community division and weakened SC among key individuals. These findings underscore the necessity of tailoring interventions to community‐specific SC characteristics. The streamlined approach derived from the study provides guidance for both enhancing the effectiveness of community interventions and advancing sustainable development.

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Sanitation and the commons: The role of collective action in sanitation use

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

How community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, infrastructure and service longevity in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review

How community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, infrastructure and service longevity in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review

Importance of internal factors for community-managed water and wastewater systems in Cochabamba, Bolivia

The role of social capital in community development: Insights from behavioral game theory and social network analysis

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